什么是---内部异常堆栈跟踪的结束---

Question

为什么我加载程序集时会显示：

Unhandled Exception: System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has
been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---> System.TypeInitializationExcept
ion: The type initializer for 'T???????????????????' threw an exception. ---> Sy
stem.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'System.Management.Ma
nagementPath' threw an exception. ---> System.OutOfMemoryException: Exception of
 type 'System.OutOfMemoryException' was thrown.
   at System.Threading.Thread.StartInternal(IPrincipal principal, StackCrawlMark
& stackMark)
   at System.Threading.Thread.Start(StackCrawlMark& stackMark)
   at System.Threading.Thread.Start()
   at System.Management.MTAHelper.InitWorkerThread()
   at System.Management.MTAHelper.CreateInMTA(Type type)
   at System.Management.ManagementPath.CreateWbemPath(String path)
   at System.Management.ManagementPath..cctor()
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Management.ManagementScope._Clone(ManagementScope scope, Identifier
ChangedEventHandler handler)
   at System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher..ctor(ManagementScope scope, Ob
jectQuery query, EnumerationOptions options)
   at System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher..ctor(String queryString)
   at T???????????????????..cctor()
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at T???????????????????.get_Is64Bit()
   at ????????????????????.????????????????????()
   at ????????????????????.????????????????????()
   at ????????????????????.Main(String[] args)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[] arguments,
 Signature sig, Boolean constructor)
   at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.UnsafeInvokeInternal(Object obj, Objec
t[] parameters, Object[] arguments)
   at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invoke
Attr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture)
   at System.Reflection.MethodBase.Invoke(Object obj, Object[] parameters)
   at skip.Program.RunInternal(Byte[] encode, String pass)
   at skip.Program.Main()

在我的例子中，首先我删除了我的pe格式的标题：

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern IntPtr ZeroMemory(IntPtr addr, IntPtr size);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern IntPtr VirtualProtect(IntPtr lpAddress, IntPtr dwSize, IntPtr flNewProtect, ref IntPtr lpflOldProtect);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);

        public static void EraseHeader()
        {
            IntPtr address = GetModuleHandle(null);
            IntPtr dwOld = default(IntPtr);
            VirtualProtect(address, (IntPtr)4096, (IntPtr)0x40, ref dwOld);
            ZeroMemory(address, (IntPtr)4096);
        }


        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("");
            EraseHeader();
            while(true)
                Console.WriteLine("");
            //Console.ReadKey();
        }

然后我加载我的程序集：

Assembly exeAssembly = Assembly.Load(Buffer);
object[] parameters = new object[1]; 
exeAssembly.EntryPoint.Invoke(null, parameters);

结果显示上一个错误：

--- End of inner exception stack trace ---

我想了解研究目的，为什么要告诉我这个错误。

Answer 1

考虑这个代码：

namespace StackOverflow44227962StackTraces
{
    using System;

    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var a = new ClassA();
            try
            {
                a.DoSomething();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace StackOverflow44227962StackTraces
{
    using System;

    public class ClassA
    {
        public void DoSomething()
        {
            try
            {
                CallClassB();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new Exception("This is the outermost exception", ex);
            }
        }

        private void CallClassB()
        {
            var b = new ClassB();
            b.DoSomething();
        }
    }
}

namespace StackOverflow44227962StackTraces
{
    using System;

    public class ClassB
    {
        public void DoSomething()
        {
            var c = new ClassC();
            try
            {
                c.DoSomething(null);
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException ex)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("This is the exception containing the innermost exception", ex);
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace StackOverflow44227962StackTraces
{
    public class ClassC
    {
        public void DoSomething(object something)
        {
            if (something == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(something), "This is the innermost exception");
            }
        }
    }
}

这会抛出一个 ArgumentNullException，它被包裹在一个 InvalidOperationException 中，而 Exception 又被包裹在一个 Exception cex = ex; while (cex != null) { Console.WriteLine(cex.GetType().Name); Console.WriteLine(cex.Message); Console.WriteLine(cex.StackTrace); Console.WriteLine(); cex = cex.InnerException; } 中（我并不是建议这是什么时候开始的最佳实践）使用那些异常类型，我只是将它们用作示例），并且最外层异常的 ToString() 方法返回以下内容。

System.Exception: This is the outermost exception
 ---> System.InvalidOperationException: This is the exception containing the innermost exception
 ---> System.ArgumentNullException: This is the innermost exception (Parameter 'something')
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassC.DoSomething(Object something) in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassC.cs:line 15
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassB.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassB.cs:line 12
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassB.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassB.cs:line 16
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassA.CallClassB() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassA.cs:line 23
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassA.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassA.cs:line 11
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassA.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassA.cs:line 15
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\Program.cs:line 12

粗体文本与最里面的异常有关，斜体文本与包裹最里面的异常的异常有关，而纯文本与最外面的异常有关，一个被抓到了 Program 课上。这条消息“--- End of internal exception stack trace ---”只是意味着“这是关于内部异常的信息的结束，这之后的内容与围绕它的异常有关”。

如果您愿意，可以像这样报告异常及其内部异常：

mxGraphHandler.prototype.previewColor = 'red';

这将输出

Exception
This is the outermost exception
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassA.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassA.cs:line 15
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\Program.cs:line 12

InvalidOperationException
This is the exception containing the innermost exception
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassB.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassB.cs:line 16
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassA.CallClassB() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassA.cs:line 23
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassA.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassA.cs:line 11

ArgumentNullException
This is the innermost exception (Parameter 'something')
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassC.DoSomething(Object something) in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassC.cs:line 15
   at StackOverflow44227962StackTraces.ClassB.DoSomething() in C:\Users\Simon\source\repos\StackOverflow44227962StackTraces\ClassB.cs:line 12

您可能会觉得更容易阅读。