Question

我正在尝试使用ASP.NET Core和EntityFramework Core在Linq中使用左连接。

两个表的简单情况：

Person（id，firstname，lastname）

PersonDetails（id，PersonId，DetailText）

我尝试查询的数据是Person.id，Person.firstname，Person.lastname和PersonDetails.DetailText。有些人没有DetailText，所以想要的结果是NULL。

在SQL中它可以正常工作


SELECT p.id, p.Firstname, p.Lastname, d.DetailText FROM Person p 
LEFT JOIN PersonDetails d on d.id = p.Id 
ORDER BY p.id ASC

按预期结果：


# | id | firstname | lastname | detailtext
1 | 1  | First1    | Last1    | details1
2 | 2  | First2    | Last2    | details2
3 | 3  | First3    | Last3    | NULL

在我的Web API控制器中查询：


[HttpGet]
public IActionResult Get()
{
    var result = from person in _dbContext.Person
                    join detail in _dbContext.PersonDetails on person.Id equals detail.PersonId
                    select new
                    {
                        id = person.Id,
                        firstname = person.Firstname,
                        lastname = person.Lastname,
                        detailText = detail.DetailText
                    };
   return Ok(result);
}

招摇的结果是缺少第3人（没有详细文本的人）


[
  {
    "id": 1,
    "firstname": "First1",
    "lastname": "Last1",
    "detailText": "details1"
  },
  {
    "id": 2,
    "firstname": "First2",
    "lastname": "Last2",
    "detailText": "details2"
  }
]

我在Linq做错了什么？

更新1：

感谢您提供答案和目前的链接。

我使用into和.DefaultIfEmpty()复制并粘贴了下面的代码，经过一些进一步的阅读后，我明白这应该有效。

不幸的是，它没有。

首先，代码开始抛出异常，但仍然返回前两个结果（缺少NULL）。从输出窗口复制粘贴：


System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
   at lambda_method(Closure , TransparentIdentifier`2 )
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.SelectEnumerableIterator`2.MoveNext()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.LinqOperatorProvider.ExceptionInterceptor`1.EnumeratorExceptionInterceptor.MoveNext()
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.SerializeList(JsonWriter writer, IEnumerable values, JsonArrayContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract collectionContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.Serialize(JsonWriter jsonWriter, Object value, Type objectType)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.SerializeInternal(JsonWriter jsonWriter, Object value, Type objectType)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.JsonOutputFormatter.WriteObject(TextWriter writer, Object value)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.JsonOutputFormatter.d__9.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__32.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__31.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__29.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__23.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.RouterMiddleware.d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.AspNetCore.ExceptionTrackingMiddleware.d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.AspNetCore.RequestTrackingMiddleware.d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.IISIntegration.IISMiddleware.d__8.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.RequestServicesContainerMiddleware.d__3.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Internal.Http.Frame`1.d__2.MoveNext()
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel:Error: Connection id "0HKVGPV90QGE0": An unhandled exception was thrown by the application.

System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
   at lambda_method(Closure , TransparentIdentifier`2 )
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.SelectEnumerableIterator`2.MoveNext()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.LinqOperatorProvider.ExceptionInterceptor`1.EnumeratorExceptionInterceptor.MoveNext()
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.SerializeList(JsonWriter writer, IEnumerable values, JsonArrayContract contract, JsonProperty member, JsonContainerContract collectionContract, JsonProperty containerProperty)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.JsonSerializerInternalWriter.Serialize(JsonWriter jsonWriter, Object value, Type objectType)
   at Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.SerializeInternal(JsonWriter jsonWriter, Object value, Type objectType)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.JsonOutputFormatter.WriteObject(TextWriter writer, Object value)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.JsonOutputFormatter.d__9.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__32.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__31.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__29.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__23.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.RouterMiddleware.d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.AspNetCore.ExceptionTrackingMiddleware.d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.AspNetCore.RequestTrackingMiddleware.d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.IISIntegration.IISMiddleware.d__8.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.RequestServicesContainerMiddleware.d__3.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Internal.Http.Frame`1.d__2.MoveNext()

谷歌给了我一个："LEFT OUTER JOIN PROBLEMS #4002" 以及"Left outer join @ Stackoverflow"

现在我不确定这是否仍然存在或应该已经修复的错误。我正在使用EntityFramework Core RC2。

解决方案1：导航属性

正如Gert Arnold在评论中指出：使用导航属性

这意味着（工作）查询看起来像


var result = from person in _dbContext.Person
             select new
             {
                id = person.Id,
                firstname = person.Firstname,
                lastname = person.Lastname,
                detailText = person.PersonDetails.Select(d => d.DetailText).SingleOrDefault()
            };

return Ok(result);

在我的PersonExampleDB中，我没有正确设置外键，因此属性PersonDetails不在scaffolded模型类中。但是使用它是最简单的解决方案（并且工作甚至可以快速工作）而不是现在的连接（参见错误报告）。

当加入方式有效时，仍然对更新感到满意。

Answer 1

如果您需要执行左连接，则必须使用into和DefaultIfEmpty()，如下所示。

var result = from person in _dbContext.Person
             join detail in _dbContext.PersonDetails on person.Id equals detail.PersonId into Details
             from m in Details.DefaultIfEmpty()
               select new
                {
                    id = person.Id,
                    firstname = person.Firstname,
                    lastname = person.Lastname,
                    detailText = m.DetailText
                };

您可以了解有关它的更多信息：Left Outer Join in LINQ to Entities

Answer 2

你没有做左连接，你正在使用的linq基本上是创建一个内连接。对于linq中的左连接，请使用关键字

[HttpGet]
public IActionResult Get()
{
    var result = from person in _dbContext.Person
                    join detail in _dbContext.PersonDetails on person.Id equals detail.PersonId  
                    into Details
                    from defaultVal in Details.DefaultIfEmpty()
                    select new
                    {
                        id = person.Id,
                        firstname = person.Firstname,
                        lastname = person.Lastname,
                        detailText = defaultVal.DetailText
                    };
   return Ok(result);
}

Answer 3

我同意这篇文章的作者-它仍然看起来像是个bug！如果连接表为空，则始终会收到“对象引用未设置为对象实例”。唯一的方法是将联接表检查为空：

    IEnumerable<Models.Service> clubServices =
        from s in services
        from c in clubs.Where(club => club.ClubId == s.ClubId).DefaultIfEmpty()
        from t in clubs.Where(tenant => tenant.TenantId == c.TenantId).DefaultIfEmpty()
        select new Models.Service
        {
            ServiceId = s.ServiceId.ToString(),
            ClubId = c == null ? (int?)null : c.ClubId,
            ClubName = c == null ? null : c.Name,
            HasTimeTable = s.HasTimeTable,
            MultipleCount = s.MultipleCount,
            Name = s.Name,
            Tags = s.Tags.Split(';', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
            TenantId = t == null ? (int?)null : t.TenantId,
            TenantName = t == null ? null : t.Name
        };

我无法检查“ detailText = person.PersonDetails.Select(d => d.DetailText).SingleOrDefault()”，因为我的联接表位于不同的数据库中。

ASP.NET Core＆amp; EntityFramework核心：左（外）加入Linq

更新1：

解决方案1：导航属性

3 个答案: