Bubble Blaster Python代码的问题？

时间：2016-08-11 13:31:16

标签： python tkinter python-3.3

我正在开发一个项目，并且已经完成了代码，但是仍然会出现一个错误，即使我确信我的代码是正确的。

这是一直出现的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python33\bubblee blaster.py", line 61, in <module>
    clean_up_bubs()
NameError: name 'clean_up_bubs' is not defined

这是我的python代码：

from tkinter import *
HEIGHT = 500
WIDTH = 800
window = Tk()
window.title('bubble blaster')
c = Canvas(window, width=WIDTH, height=HEIGHT, bg='darkblue')
c.pack()
ship_id = c.create_polygon(5, 5, 5, 25, 30, 15, fill='red')
ship_id2 = c.create_oval(0, 0, 30, 30, outline='red')
SHIP_R = 15
MID_X = WIDTH / 2
MID_Y = HEIGHT / 2
c.move(ship_id, MID_X, MID_Y)
c.move(ship_id2, MID_X, MID_Y)
SHIP_SPD = 10
def move_ship(event):
    if event.keysym == 'Up':
        c.move(ship_id, 0, -SHIP_SPD)
        c.move(ship_id2, 0, -SHIP_SPD)
    elif event. keysym == 'Down':
        c.move(ship_id, 0, SHIP_SPD)
        c.move(ship_id2, 0, SHIP_SPD)
    elif event.keysym == 'Left':
        c.move(ship_id, -SHIP_SPD, 0)
        c.move(ship_id2, -SHIP_SPD, 0)
    elif event.keysym == 'Right':
        c.move(ship_id, SHIP_SPD, 0)
        c.move(ship_id2, SHIP_SPD, 0)
c.bind_all('<Key>' , move_ship)
from random import randint
bub_id = list()
bub_r = list()
bub_speed = list()
MIN_BUB_R = 10
MAX_BUB_R = 30
MAX_BUB_SPD = 110
GAP = 100
def create_bubble():
    x = WIDTH + GAP
    y = randint(0, HEIGHT)
    r = randint(MIN_BUB_R, MAX_BUB_R)
    id1 = c.create_oval(x - r, y - r, x +  r, y + r, outline='white')
    bub_id.append(id1)
    bub_r.append(r)
    bub_speed.append(randint(1, MAX_BUB_SPD))
def move_bubbles():
    for i in range(len(bub_id)):
        c.move(bub_id[i], -bub_speed[i], 0)
from time import sleep, time
BUB_CHANCE = 10
TIME_LIMIT = 30
BONUS_SCORE = 1000
score = 0
bonus = 0
end = time() + TIME_LIMIT
#MAIN GAME LOOP
while time() < end:
    if randint(1, BUB_CHANCE) == 1:
        create_bubble()
        move_bubbles()
        clean_up_bubs()
        score += collision()
        if (int(score / BONUS_SCORE)) > bonus:
            bonus += 1
            end += TIME_LIMIT
            show_score(score)
            show_time(int(end - time()))
        print(score)
        window.update()
        sleep(0.01)
def get_coords(id_num):
    pos = c.coords(id_num)
    x = (pos[0] + pos[2])/2
    y = (pos[1] + pos[3])/2
    return x, y
def del_bubble(i):
    del bub_r[i]
    del bub_speed[i]
    c.delete(bub_id[i])
    del bub_id[i]
def clean_up_bubs():
   for i in range(len(bub_id)-1, -1, -1):
       x, y = get_coords(bub_id[i])
       if x < -GAP:
          del_bubble(i)
from math import sqrt
def distance(id1, id2):
    x1, y1 = get_coords(id1)
    x2, y2 = get_coords(id2)
    return sqrt((x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2)
def collision():
    points = 0
    for bub in range(len(bub_id)-1, -1, -1):
        if distance(ship_id2, bub_id[bub]) < (SHIP_R + bub_r[bub]):
            points += (bub_r[bub] + bub_speed[bub])
            del_bubble(bub)
    return points
c.create_text(50, 30, text='TIME' , fill='white' )
c.create_text(150, 30, text='SCORE' , fill='white' )
time_text = c.create_text(50, 50, fill='white' )
score_text = c.create_text(150, 50, fill='white' )
def show_score(score):
    c.itemconfig(score_text, text=str(score))
def show_time(time_left):
    c.itemconfig(time_text, text=str(time_left))
c.create_text(MID_X, MID_Y, \
     text='GAME OVER', fill='white', font=('Helvetica' ,30))
c.create_text(MID_X, MID_Y + 30, \
              text='Score: '+ str(score), fill='white')
c.create_text(MID_X, MID_Y + 45, \
              text='Bonus time: '+ str(bonus*TIME_LIMIT), fill='white')

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

现在clean_up_bubs低于第61行。在调用它之前必须拥有它。您会注意到move_bubbles和create_bubbles在while循环之前，clean_up_bubs必须如此。

答案 1 :(得分：1)

那段代码是一个难以理解的混乱！

您应该将所有导入放在脚本的顶部 接下来，定义全局常量（和全局变量，但如果可以重新组织代码以最小化全局变量的使用，则更好。）
接下来定义你的功能 然后在最后放置调用这些函数的代码。

原因是您需要在使用之前定义内容。 Python自上而下扫描您的脚本，通过执行定义来创建各种对象（包括函数）。函数 definitions 可以引用尚未定义的全局事物（包括其他函数）。但是，当您实际上调用函数时，它所引用的必须的内容已经定义。

此外，在函数周围放置（至少）一个空行，以便更容易查看它们的开始和结束位置。并在其他地方使用空行来使程序的结构更加明显。

我已尝试实施这些更改，并且生成的代码会运行，但我不确定它是否完全符合您的要求。

from tkinter import *
from random import randint
from time import sleep, time
from math import sqrt

HEIGHT = 500
WIDTH = 800

SHIP_R = 15
MID_X = WIDTH / 2
MID_Y = HEIGHT / 2

SHIP_SPD = 10

bub_id = list()
bub_r = list()
bub_speed = list()
MIN_BUB_R = 10
MAX_BUB_R = 30
MAX_BUB_SPD = 110
GAP = 100

BUB_CHANCE = 10
TIME_LIMIT = 30
BONUS_SCORE = 1000

score = 0
bonus = 0
end = time() + TIME_LIMIT

def move_ship(event):
    if event.keysym == 'Up':
        c.move(ship_id, 0, -SHIP_SPD)
        c.move(ship_id2, 0, -SHIP_SPD)
    elif event.keysym == 'Down':
        c.move(ship_id, 0, SHIP_SPD)
        c.move(ship_id2, 0, SHIP_SPD)
    elif event.keysym == 'Left':
        c.move(ship_id, -SHIP_SPD, 0)
        c.move(ship_id2, -SHIP_SPD, 0)
    elif event.keysym == 'Right':
        c.move(ship_id, SHIP_SPD, 0)
        c.move(ship_id2, SHIP_SPD, 0)

def create_bubble():
    x = WIDTH + GAP
    y = randint(0, HEIGHT)
    r = randint(MIN_BUB_R, MAX_BUB_R)
    id1 = c.create_oval(x - r, y - r, x +  r, y + r, outline='white')
    bub_id.append(id1)
    bub_r.append(r)
    bub_speed.append(randint(1, MAX_BUB_SPD))

def move_bubbles():
    for i in range(len(bub_id)):
        c.move(bub_id[i], -bub_speed[i], 0)

def get_coords(id_num):
    pos = c.coords(id_num)
    x = (pos[0] + pos[2])/2
    y = (pos[1] + pos[3])/2
    return x, y

def del_bubble(i):
    del bub_r[i]
    del bub_speed[i]
    c.delete(bub_id[i])
    del bub_id[i]

def clean_up_bubs():
   for i in range(len(bub_id)-1, -1, -1):
       x, y = get_coords(bub_id[i])
       if x < -GAP:
          del_bubble(i)

def distance(id1, id2):
    x1, y1 = get_coords(id1)
    x2, y2 = get_coords(id2)
    return sqrt((x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2)

def collision():
    points = 0
    for bub in range(len(bub_id)-1, -1, -1):
        if distance(ship_id2, bub_id[bub]) < (SHIP_R + bub_r[bub]):
            points += (bub_r[bub] + bub_speed[bub])
            del_bubble(bub)
    return points

def show_score(score):
    c.itemconfig(score_text, text=str(score))

def show_time(time_left):
    c.itemconfig(time_text, text=str(time_left))

window = Tk()
window.title('bubble blaster')
c = Canvas(window, width=WIDTH, height=HEIGHT, bg='darkblue')
c.pack()
ship_id = c.create_polygon(5, 5, 5, 25, 30, 15, fill='red')
ship_id2 = c.create_oval(0, 0, 30, 30, outline='red')

c.bind_all('<Key>' , move_ship)

c.move(ship_id, MID_X, MID_Y)
c.move(ship_id2, MID_X, MID_Y)

c.create_text(50, 30, text='TIME' , fill='white' )
c.create_text(150, 30, text='SCORE' , fill='white' )
time_text = c.create_text(50, 50, fill='white' )
score_text = c.create_text(150, 50, fill='white' )

#MAIN GAME LOOP
while time() < end:
    if randint(1, BUB_CHANCE) == 1:
        create_bubble()
        move_bubbles()
        clean_up_bubs()
        score += collision()
        if (int(score / BONUS_SCORE)) > bonus:
            bonus += 1
            end += TIME_LIMIT
            show_score(score)
            show_time(int(end - time()))
        #print(score)
        window.update()
        sleep(0.01)

c.create_text(MID_X, MID_Y, \
     text='GAME OVER', fill='white', font=('Helvetica' ,30))
c.create_text(MID_X, MID_Y + 30, \
              text='Score: '+ str(score), fill='white')
c.create_text(MID_X, MID_Y + 45, \
              text='Bonus time: '+ str(bonus*TIME_LIMIT), fill='white')

FWIW，在window.update和sleep的循环中，通常不会像这样使用Tkinter。使用window.mainloop和事件驱动编程更为正常。

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