(C ++)为什么boost作者在这里使用结构而不是类?

时间:2016-06-27 11:50:37

标签: c++ class boost data-structures struct

boost property tree的文档中,有一个正确使用的示例,given herelibs/property_tree/examples/debug_settings.cpp中的包。

我想知道的是struct debug_settings行。为什么要将其设为结构而不是?它甚至有两个成员函数load(...)save(...)。我认为提升作者有充分的理由这样做,并且它与......效率有某种关系,即使结构和类在技术上是"相同?

从列出的版权年份,我可以猜测这可能是C ++ 98,C ++ 03或C ++ 0x,因此使用结构而不是类的原因至少来自于C ++ 11观点。

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Marcin Kalicinski
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// For more information, see www.boost.org
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

//[debug_settings_includes
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/xml_parser.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <exception>
#include <iostream>
namespace pt = boost::property_tree;
//]
//[debug_settings_data
struct debug_settings
{
    std::string m_file;               // log filename
    int m_level;                      // debug level
    std::set<std::string> m_modules;  // modules where logging is enabled
    void load(const std::string &filename);
    void save(const std::string &filename);
};
//]
//[debug_settings_load
void debug_settings::load(const std::string &filename)
{
    // Create empty property tree object
    pt::ptree tree;

    // Parse the XML into the property tree.
    pt::read_xml(filename, tree);

    // Use the throwing version of get to find the debug filename.
    // If the path cannot be resolved, an exception is thrown.
    m_file = tree.get<std::string>("debug.filename");

    // Use the default-value version of get to find the debug level.
    // Note that the default value is used to deduce the target type.
    m_level = tree.get("debug.level", 0);

    // Use get_child to find the node containing the modules, and iterate over
    // its children. If the path cannot be resolved, get_child throws.
    // A C++11 for-range loop would also work.
    BOOST_FOREACH(pt::ptree::value_type &v, tree.get_child("debug.modules")) {
        // The data function is used to access the data stored in a node.
        m_modules.insert(v.second.data());
    }

}
//]
//[debug_settings_save
void debug_settings::save(const std::string &filename)
{
    // Create an empty property tree object.
    pt::ptree tree;

    // Put the simple values into the tree. The integer is automatically
    // converted to a string. Note that the "debug" node is automatically
    // created if it doesn't exist.
    tree.put("debug.filename", m_file);
    tree.put("debug.level", m_level);

    // Add all the modules. Unlike put, which overwrites existing nodes, add
    // adds a new node at the lowest level, so the "modules" node will have
    // multiple "module" children.
    BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, m_modules)
        tree.add("debug.modules.module", name);

    // Write property tree to XML file
    pt::write_xml(filename, tree);
}
//]

int main()
{
    try
    {
        debug_settings ds;
        ds.load("debug_settings.xml");
        ds.save("debug_settings_out.xml");
        std::cout << "Success\n";
    }
    catch (std::exception &e)
    {
        std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

我已经查看过StackOverflow上的一些帖子,但我真正想要的只是在这个实例中。我已经通读了

我的想法: 对我来说,这看起来并不像普通旧数据(POD)&#34;,因为它有一个成员函数,因为它封装了基于类的对象std::stringstd::set 。这个字符串可以改变,所以我在质疑&#34;不变性&#34;。它有超过1个数据类型,可能大于2个字节。它具有访问加载和保存功能,使其不仅仅是一个简单的结构。 Boost是一个C ++库,因此不应期望有人将其用于C语言。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

此类不封装任何数据;它只是将它们聚合在一起。这与便利功能一起,看起来是整个课程的重点。

答案 1 :(得分:5)

他们可以这样做:

class debug_settings
{
public:
    std::string m_file;               // log filename
    int m_level;                      // debug level
    std::set<std::string> m_modules;  // modules where logging is enabled
    void load(const std::string &filename);
    void save(const std::string &filename);
};

但他们认为如果一切都是公开的,他们就不需要上课。

As it was already said:

  

struct和class在C ++中是等价的,唯一的区别是默认情况下struct属性是public而class属性是private。