我没有明确做出任何重大更改，但突然，当我尝试在本地运行我的django应用时，我收到以下错误：
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ foreman start
03:55:28 web.1 | started with pid 38101
03:55:29 web.1 | Traceback (most recent call last):
03:55:29 web.1 | File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/bin/gunicorn", line 5, in <module>
03:55:29 web.1 | from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
03:55:29 web.1 | File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 22, in <module>
03:55:29 web.1 | import zipfile
03:55:29 web.1 | File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 6, in <module>
03:55:29 web.1 | import io
03:55:29 web.1 | File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/io.py", line 51, in <module>
03:55:29 web.1 | import _io
03:55:29 web.1 | ImportError: dlopen(/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so, 2): Symbol not found: __PyErr_ReplaceException
03:55:29 web.1 | Referenced from: /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
03:55:29 web.1 | Expected in: flat namespace
03:55:29 web.1 | in /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
03:55:29 web.1 | exited with code 1
03:55:29 system | sending SIGTERM to all processes
SIGTERM received
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$
foreman start命令是我总是在本地运行应用程序（基于heroku说明），而不是python manage.py runserver（所以我不知道python manage.py runserver是否正在工作最近）但是现在foreman start和python manage.py runserver的错误消息（上面）都相同。
即使我恢复到早期的git提交，当时foreman start工作的提交，我也会得到同样的错误，所以我不认为它是一个新的行最近添加到我的代码。相反，似乎有一些关于python设置方式的改变（如果可能的话？）
这一切都像31164285
中所描述的那样突然发生我总是在虚拟环境中运行项目，您可以从括号中的（awe01）看到
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ which python
/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/bin/python
根据这个帖子（31106958），以下输出可能会对某人提供信息？
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ nm /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Python | grep PyErr_ReplaceException
0000000000092b82 T __PyErr_ReplaceException
请注意，如果在这个venv中输入＆＃34; python＆＃34;，它告诉我我使用的是2.7.6
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep 9 2014, 15:04:36)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages/feedparser-5.1.2-py2.7.egg', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python27.zip', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/plat-mac', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/Extras/lib/python', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages', '/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
brew config
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ brew config
HOMEBREW_VERSION: 0.9.5
ORIGIN: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew.git
HEAD: 02d219b58d254c0e8bd77a73d901b0e03af13818
Last commit: 5 hours ago
HOMEBREW_PREFIX: /usr/local
HOMEBREW_CELLAR: /usr/local/Cellar
HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN: https://homebrew.bintray.com
CPU: quad-core 64-bit sandybridge
OS X: 10.10.5-x86_64
Xcode: 6.3.2
CLT: N/A
Clang: 6.1 build 602
X11: N/A
System Ruby: 2.0.0-p481
Perl: /usr/bin/perl
Python: /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/bin/python
Ruby: /usr/bin/ruby
Java: 1.8.0_40
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$
brew doctor
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ brew doctor
Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers
with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is
working fine: please don't worry and just ignore them. Thanks!
Warning: Unbrewed header files were found in /usr/local/include.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.
Unexpected header files:
/usr/local/include/node/ares.h
/usr/local/include/node/ares_version.h
/usr/local/include/node/nameser.h
/usr/local/include/node/node.h
/usr/local/include/node/node_buffer.h
/usr/local/include/node/node_internals.h
/usr/local/include/node/node_object_wrap.h
/usr/local/include/node/node_version.h
/usr/local/include/node/openssl/opensslconf.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/ngx-queue.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/stdint-msvc2008.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/tree.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/uv-bsd.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/uv-darwin.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/uv-linux.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/uv-sunos.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/uv-unix.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv-private/uv-win.h
/usr/local/include/node/uv.h
/usr/local/include/node/v8-debug.h
/usr/local/include/node/v8-preparser.h
/usr/local/include/node/v8-profiler.h
/usr/local/include/node/v8-testing.h
/usr/local/include/node/v8.h
/usr/local/include/node/v8stdint.h
/usr/local/include/node/zconf.h
/usr/local/include/node/zlib.h
Warning: Your Xcode (6.3.2) is outdated
Please update to Xcode 6.4.
Xcode can be updated from the App Store.
Warning: Some keg-only formula are linked into the Cellar.
Linking a keg-only formula, such as gettext, into the cellar with
`brew link <formula>` will cause other formulae to detect them during
the `./configure` step. This may cause problems when compiling those
other formulae.
Binaries provided by keg-only formulae may override system binaries
with other strange results.
You may wish to `brew unlink` these brews:
openssl
命令python manage.py shell失败并出现同样的错误，但是当我直接进入python控制台时，我可以看到哪些导入工作正常或无法正常工作
（这个帖子建议检查urllib2）
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep 9 2014, 15:04:36)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import urllib2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 94, in <module>
import httplib
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 80, in <module>
import mimetools
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/mimetools.py", line 6, in <module>
import tempfile
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 32, in <module>
import io as _io
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/io.py", line 51, in <module>
import _io
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so, 2): Symbol not found: __PyErr_ReplaceException
Referenced from: /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
这是建议的：https://github.com/SirVer/ultisnips/issues/508 并在问题31900156
所以我运行了以下内容：
brew uninstall python
brew update
brew install python
它没有解决问题。
这告诉我它不是django或app特定的问题;这是一个蟒蛇问题。
这是卸载并重新安装python后的输出;运行pip命令时出现同样的错误：
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ brew uninstall python
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2... (6194 files, 96M)
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ brew update
Already up-to-date.
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ brew install python
==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tgz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/python-2.7.10.tgz
==> Downloading https://bugs.python.org/file30805/issue10910-workaround.txt
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/python--patch-c075353337f9ff3ccf8091693d278782fcdff62c113245d8de43c5c7acc57daf.txt
==> Patching
patching file Include/pyport.h
Hunk #1 succeeded at 713 (offset 14 lines).
Hunk #2 succeeded at 736 (offset 14 lines).
==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2 --enable-ipv6 --datarootdir=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/share --datadir=/usr/local/Cellar/python/
==> make
==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2
==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/share/python
==> Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-18.0.1.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/python--setuptools-18.0.1.tar.gz
==> Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-7.1.0.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/python--pip-7.1.0.tar.gz
==> Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/w/wheel/wheel-0.24.0.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/python--wheel-0.24.0.tar.gz
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/bin/python -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --single-version-externally-managed --record=installed.txt --
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/bin/python -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --single-version-externally-managed --record=installed.txt --
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/bin/python -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --single-version-externally-managed --record=installed.txt --
==> Caveats
Pip and setuptools have been installed. To update them
pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
You can install Python packages with
pip install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
See: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/Homebrew-and-Python.md
.app bundles were installed.
Run `brew linkapps python` to symlink these to /Applications.
==> Summary
/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2: 6194 files, 96M, built in 3.4 minutes
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ pip install --upgrade
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
from pip import main
File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
from pip.utils import get_installed_distributions, get_prog
File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
import zipfile
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 6, in <module>
import io
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/io.py", line 51, in <module>
import _io
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so, 2): Symbol not found: __PyErr_ReplaceException
Referenced from: /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ brew linkapps python
Linking /usr/local/opt/python/IDLE.app to /Applications.
Linking /usr/local/opt/python/Python Launcher.app to /Applications.
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ pip install --upgrade
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
from pip import main
File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
from pip.utils import get_installed_distributions, get_prog
File "/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
import zipfile
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 6, in <module>
import io
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/io.py", line 51, in <module>
import _io
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so, 2): Symbol not found: __PyErr_ReplaceException
Referenced from: /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
Expected in: flat namespace
in /Users/macuser/Dropbox/code/heroku/awe01/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$
我特意检查urllib2的原因是基于this comment on issue-1384
此时注意安装的python是版本2.7.10_2但是当我在虚拟环境awe01中输入python时，它仍然会将我带到一个版本为2.7.6的shell
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Sep 9 2014, 15:04:36)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
这意味着python是系统python，2.7.10
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ which python
/usr/bin/python
这也失败了，但我收到了不同的错误消息
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ foreman start
04:44:30 web.1 | started with pid 50330
04:44:30 web.1 | /usr/local/foreman/bin/foreman-runner: line 41: exec: gunicorn: not found
04:44:30 web.1 | exited with code 127
04:44:30 system | sending SIGTERM to all processes
SIGTERM received
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$
有趣的是，foreman start错误与此python manage.py runserver错误不同：
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ python manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 385, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 345, in execute
settings.INSTALLED_APPS
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 46, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 42, in _setup
self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 98, in __init__
% (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e)
ImportError: Could not import settings 'shareducate.settings' (Is it on sys.path? Is there an import error in the settings file?): No module named dj_database_url
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$
换句话说，我的问题现在看起来就像问题10812651，＆＃34;突然我在使用runserver＆＃34;时没有定义DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE。对该问题的回答归咎于context_processors，但我没有对context_processors进行有意的调整。
请注意，虽然python manage.py shell仍然失败，但如果我只输入python我可以使用python shell ...现在版本为2.7.10（不是2.7.6，如在venv中以上）。
另请注意，如果urllib2是相关的（是的，这也在我的代码中使用），现在我可以导入它而没有任何错误：
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 14 2015, 19:46:27)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import urllib2
>>>
输出： MoriartyMacBookAir13：awesomeapp macuser $ nm /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Python | grep PyErr_ReplaceException 0000000000092b82 T __PyErr_ReplaceException 与在虚拟环境中运行时完全相同。
为什么brew doctor会在上面的openssl上显示特殊注释：我尝试了以下3行代码31888394
brew install openssl
brew link --force openssl
brew install python
（我认为openssl调查线来自上面的urllib2检查）
似乎没有任何区别。
不确定这是否有所不同，因为无论如何，venv似乎是2.7.6，但当我尝试[按照github（issue-1367和issue-1384和31888479的建议尝试时{{3 }}）
brew switch python 2.7.9我收到错误，
Error: python does not have a version "2.7.9" in the Cellar.
Versions available: 2.7.10_2
[编辑：基于评论添加的步骤5-7]
23783054和issue-40241等建议建议修改PATH。 我从5846204运行了这个命令：
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
由于整个设置工作然后突然停止工作，我不愿意做太多的系统更改，这可能会使图片复杂化......
导致此错误
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:heroku macuser$ deactivate
MoriartyMacBookAir13:heroku macuser$ virtualenv --clear awe01
Deleting tree awe01/lib/python2.7
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 824, in main
symlink=options.symlink)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 984, in create_environment
site_packages=site_packages, clear=clear, symlink=symlink))
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 1145, in install_python
rmtree(lib_dir)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 508, in rmtree
shutil.rmtree(dir)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 247, in rmtree
rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 247, in rmtree
rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 252, in rmtree
onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 250, in rmtree
os.remove(fullname)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'awe01/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mutagen-1.22-py2.7.egg-info/dependency_links.txt'
MoriartyMacBookAir13:heroku macuser$
[关注@Evert＆＃39的评论]
(awe01)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awe01 macuser$ deactivate
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awe01 macuser$ cd ..
MoriartyMacBookAir13:heroku macuser$ virtualenv awe02 --no-site-packages
New python executable in awe02/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.
MoriartyMacBookAir13:heroku macuser$ cd awe02
MoriartyMacBookAir13:awe02 macuser$ source bin/activate
(awe02)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awe02 macuser$
此时我复制了app文件夹，awesomeapp位于文件夹awe02内（与bin，lib和include文件夹一起）
(awe02)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awe02 macuser$ cd awesomeapp/
(awe02)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ pip install -r requirements.txt
当我做pip install -r requirements.txt时，psycopg2出现了一堆错误
warning: unused function 'Dprintf'和
warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'long' to 'int'
但是在我放弃编程之前，我试过了
foreman start
它的工作原理！
(awe02)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ foreman start
16:28:16 web.1 | started with pid 14174
16:28:16 web.1 | 2015-08-22 16:28:16 [14174] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.0.0
16:28:16 web.1 | 2015-08-22 16:28:16 [14174] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:5000 (14174)
16:28:16 web.1 | 2015-08-22 16:28:16 [14174] [INFO] Using worker: sync
16:28:16 web.1 | 2015-08-22 16:28:16 [14177] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 14177
这是python 2.7.10
(awe02)MoriartyMacBookAir13:awesomeapp macuser$ python manage.py shell
Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 14 2015, 19:46:27)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> import urllib2
>>>
同样python manage.py runserver也适用：）
我认为自上次foreman start工作以来，我已将OS X更新到版本10.10.5。系统是否可以更新一些核心文件？
我仍在教自己python / django因此我的知识存在一些差距...任何故障排除方法或技巧都将受到大力赞赏。