如何在不使用任何框架但Tomcat + Servlets的情况下实现关注点分离?

时间:2015-06-26 11:56:09

标签: java servlets model-view-controller soc

我有一个工作正常的代码。重要的部分如下:

我的模型类:

package biz.tugay.sakila.model;
/* User: koray@tugay.biz Date: 25/06/15 Time: 12:48 */

public class Actor {

    private long id;
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;

    // Getters, setters... 
}

我的 dao 类:

package biz.tugay.sakila.dao;
/* User: koray@tugay.biz Date: 25/06/15 Time: 12:12 */

import biz.tugay.sakila.model.Actor;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ActorDao {

    protected static final Connection connection = DBConnector.getConnection();

    public List<Actor> getAllActors() throws SQLException {

        List<Actor> allActors = new ArrayList<Actor>();

        Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM Actor";

        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        while (rs.next()) {
            Actor actor = new Actor();
            actor.setFirstName(rs.getString("first_name"));
            // You get the idea... Setters again..
            allActors.add(actor);
        }

        rs.close();
        stmt.close();

        return allActors;
    }
}

DBConnector

package biz.tugay.sakila.dao;
/* User: koray@tugay.biz Date: 25/06/15 Time: 12:35 */

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DBConnector {

    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/sakila";
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASS = "";

    private static Connection connection = null;

    public static final Connection getConnection() {
        if (connection != null) {
            return connection;
        } else {
            try {
                Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
                connection = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
                return connection;
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

            } catch (SQLException e) {

            }
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
    }

}

我的 Servlet 类:

package biz.tugay.sakila.servlet;
/* User: koray@tugay.biz Date: 26/06/15 Time: 14:31 */

import biz.tugay.sakila.dao.ActorDao;
import biz.tugay.sakila.model.Actor;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/actors")
public class ActorServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        ActorDao actorDao = new ActorDao();
        List<Actor> allActors = null;

        try {
            allActors = actorDao.getAllActors();
            req.setAttribute("allActors",allActors);
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/actors.jsp").forward(req, resp);
        } catch (SQLException e) {

        }
    }
}

/actors.jsp 会向用户显示HTML表格。

我自己使用MySQL提供的 sakila示例数据库进行了此练习。

我的问题是,如果不使用Spring或Struts等任何框架,我怎样才能实现更好的分离?例如,目前ActorServlet具体依赖于ActorDao,我可以解决这个问题,如果是这样的话怎么样? ActorDao也很大程度上依赖于DBConnector。例如,我希望能够创建一个NoSQL连接器并使用它,但目前我猜不到?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

第一步是抽象出一些接口。例如,将ActorDao设为接口,将实现移至ActorDaoImpl或其他任何内容。创建一个ActorDaoFactory,向您提供一个ActorDao ActorDaoImpl,这是// Obtain our environment naming context Context initCtx = new InitialContext(); Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env"); // Look up our DAO ActorDao ad = (ActorDao)envCtx.lookup("dao/actor"); ,但servlet并不需要知道。

第二步更复杂......如果你只想 使用Tomcat,那么注入等就会出来,但你可以配置Tomcat来创建这些新接口并将它们放在JNDI中。这个过程可能太复杂了,无法在这里提出答案,但Tomcat documentation on JNDI非常好。该过程基本上涉及创建一个工厂,就像我上面提到的那样,然后让Tomcat通过配置调用该工厂。

一旦你这样做,从JNDI查找它们就像

一样简单
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祝你好运!