我需要读取一个文件,获取每一行,遍历每一行并检查该行是否包含“aeiuo”中的任何字符,如果它包含至少2个字符“äüö”。
这段代码是惯用的Rust吗?如何检查String
中的多个字符?
到目前为止,我的一些谷歌和代码窃取的尝试:
use std::error::Error;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufReader;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::path::Path;
fn main() {
// Create a path to the desired file
let path = Path::new("foo.txt");
let display = path.display();
// Open the path in read-only mode, returns `io::Result<File>`
let file = match File::open(&path) {
// The `description` method of `io::Error` returns a string that describes the error
Err(why) => panic!("couldn't open {}: {}", display, Error::description(&why)),
Ok(file) => file,
};
// Collect all lines into a vector
let reader = BufReader::new(file);
let lines: Vec<_> = reader.lines().collect();
for l in lines {
if (l.unwrap().contains("a")) {
println!("here is a");
}
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:3)
总的来说,这似乎很好。您可能希望改进一个小问题:您不需要将线条收集到矢量中以迭代它们。这是不需要的,因为它会触发不需要的内存分配。只需直接读取lines()
迭代器即可。 (如果你来自C ++,你可以忘记将事物收集到中间向量中:思考功能,思考迭代器!)
let reader = BufReader::new(file);
let lines: Vec<_> = reader.lines().collect();
for l in lines {
...
}
变为
let reader = BufReader::new(file);
let lines = reader.lines();
// lines is a instance of some type which implements Iterator<Item=&str>
for l in lines {
...
}
我建议采用基于.any()
的简单方法:
fn is_aeiou(x: &char) -> bool {
"aeiou".chars().any(|y| y == *x)
}
fn is_weird_auo(x: &char) -> bool {
"äüö".chars().any(|y| y == *x)
}
fn valid(line: &str) -> bool {
line.chars().any(|c| is_aeiou(&c)) &&
line.chars().filter(is_weird_auo).fuse().nth(1).is_some()
}
然后你可以一直使用迭代器并按如下方式编写主要测试:
let reader = BufReader::new(file);
let lines = reader.lines();
let bad_line = lines.map(|l| l.unwrap()).filter(|line| !valid(line)).next();
match bad_line {
Some(line_n) => println!("Line {} doesn't pass the test", line_n),
None => println!("All lines are good!"),
}
// Alternate way if you don't need the line number. More readable
//let all_good = lines.map(|l| l.unwrap()).all(valid);
(playground上的完整代码。)
答案 1 :(得分:1)
这有效,thanks to the nice people on /r/rust:
use std::error::Error;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufReader;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::path::Path;
fn is_vowel(x: &char) -> bool {
"aAeEiIoOuU".chars().any(|y| y == *x)
}
fn is_umlaut(x: &char) -> bool {
"äÄüÜöÖ".chars().any(|y| y == *x)
}
fn valid(line: &str) -> bool {
line.chars().all(|c| !is_vowel(&c)) && line.chars().filter(is_umlaut).fuse().nth(1).is_some()
}
fn main() {
// Create a path to the desired file
let path = Path::new("c.txt");
let display = path.display();
// Open the path in read-only mode, returns `io::Result<File>`
let file = match File::open(&path) {
Err(why) => panic!("couldn't open {}: {}", display, Error::description(&why)),
Ok(file) => file,
};
let reader = BufReader::new(file);
for line in reader.lines() {
match line {
Ok(line) => {
if valid(&line) {
println!("{}", line)
}
}
Err(e) => println!("ERROR: {}", e),
}
}
}