Python win32gui SetAsForegroundWindow函数无法正常工作

时间:2015-05-12 20:01:47

标签: python windows win32gui setforegroundwindow

我正在尝试编写一个程序,通过搜索其标题找到一个窗口。一旦找到窗口,它将尝试将其带到前面。我正在使用win32gui API来实现这一目标。我能够让它在大多数情况下工作,但由于某种原因,如果任务管理器在前面,它就不起作用。我有以下示例代码。

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) != None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)


def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print traceback.format_exc()
main()

我从多个在线资源中拼凑出来。它似乎在很大程度上起作用,但对于像任务管理器这样的某些窗口,它有时会工作但是其余的都会失败。当它无法正常工作时,我注意到应用程序图标闪烁黄色。有没有一种正确的方法来确保我感兴趣的窗口被设置为100%的前景?我不确定这是否相关,但我使用的是Windows 7 Professional(32位)和Service Pack 1.

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

注意:以下仅涉及确保在激活窗口之前隐藏任务管理器等永远在线的窗口 - 假设激活部件本身正常工作< / strong>,情况可能并非如此。 {(3}}列出了允许进程调用SetForegroundWindow Windows API函数的条件。

任务管理器在两个方面都很特别:

  • 默认情况下,它设置为始终在上显示,即高于所有其他窗口。
  • 即使关闭了Options > Always on Top 取消选中),您仍然使其显示在其他之上 - 顶级窗户(普通窗口看似无法做到的事情)。

您的代码:

  • 正在工作 - 在我的测试中 - 目标窗口确实成为活动窗口。
  • 正在工作,因为任务管理器窗口仍然位于(最大化)窗口的顶部。
    • 甚至试图让你的窗口成为一个永远在顶层的窗口,不幸的是也没有帮助。

具体检查是否存在任务管理器窗口并将其最小化是一个选项,但请注意,可能有其他始终在顶部的窗口,因此可以提供强大的解决方案必须识别所有打开始终在顶部的窗口并最小化它们

以下尝试很难识别除“任务栏和开始”按钮之外的所有永远在线的窗口,并且最小化(有效地隐藏)任何此类窗口。

新方法为hide_always_on_top_windows_window_enum_callback_hide

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        # First, make sure all (other) always-on-top windows are hidden.
        self.hide_always_on_top_windows() 
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, regex):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all open windows'''
        if self._hwnd is None and re.match(regex, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_regex(self, regex):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, regex)

    def hide_always_on_top_windows(self):
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback_hide, None)

    def _window_enum_callback_hide(self, hwnd, unused):
        if hwnd != self._hwnd: # ignore self
            # Is the window visible and marked as an always-on-top (topmost) window?
            if win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd) and win32gui.GetWindowLong(hwnd, win32con.GWL_EXSTYLE) & win32con.WS_EX_TOPMOST:
                # Ignore windows of class 'Button' (the Start button overlay) and
                # 'Shell_TrayWnd' (the Task Bar).
                className = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)
                if not (className == 'Button' or className == 'Shell_TrayWnd'):
                    # Force-minimize the window.
                    # Fortunately, this seems to work even with windows that
                    # have no Minimize button.
                    # Note that if we tried to hide the window with SW_HIDE,
                    # it would disappear from the Task Bar as well.
                    win32gui.ShowWindow(hwnd, win32con.SW_FORCEMINIMIZE)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        regex = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_regex(regex)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())
main()

答案 1 :(得分:5)

我找到了一个解决方案:如果是taskmanager,那就杀了它。我在cWindow添加了一个方法:

def kill_task_manager(self):
    # Here I use your method to find a window because of an accent in my french OS,
    # but you should use win32gui.FindWindow(None, 'Task Manager complete name').
    wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
    self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
    if self._hwnd:
        win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)  # kill it
        sleep(0.5)  # important to let time for the window to be closed

cW = cWindow()之后调用此方法。

另一个错误陷阱是在SetAsForegroundWindow中阻止此异常:

error: (0, 'SetForegroundWindow', 'No error message is available')

在win32gui调用之前发送一个alt键:

# Add this import
import win32com.client

# Add this to __ini__
self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

# And SetAsForegroundWindow becomes
def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
    self.shell.SendKeys('%')
    win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

最后,如果可以的话,请不要比较!= None,而是is not None。更pythonic;)

这是完整的代码:

# coding: utf-8

import re, traceback
import win32gui, win32con, win32com.client
from time import sleep


class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None
        self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        self.shell.SendKeys('%')
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)

    def kill_task_manager(self):
        wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
        self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        if self._hwnd:
            win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
            sleep(0.5)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.kill_task_manager()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

来源:how do I close window with handle using win32gui in Pythonwin32gui.SetActiveWindow() ERROR : The specified procedure could not be found