Question

环境：Linux Mint 17 Cinnamon。

显示以下错误：

error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

在virtualenv中尝试以下内容时

pip install lxml
pip install pillow
pip install pycrypto
pip install pymongo (fails but still shows in pip freeze)

此处有几种解决方案建议安装python2.7-dev：

Installing Pillow error: Setup script exited with error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

Installing lxml in virtualenv via pip install error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed

Pillow installation error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

我对此建议感到困惑，因为我的理解是使用类似的东西：

sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev

会将它添加到Python的main * system *实例中，而不是virtualenv中的那个。（见 - https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/56392/92486）

我可以只将python2.7-dev添加到virtualenv版本的Python中吗？

Answer 1

大多数情况下，这些都是依赖性问题。

在gcc编译器的堆栈跟踪之后，可以看到丢失的文件。有时安装Python开发包是不够的。

例如：我试着在我的virtualenv foo 中做pip install requests[security]。这是pip-installer给我的结果。

Failed building wheel for cryptography
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cffi
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/99/e7/9a/68b1c8ca6f6f92b5feebd4d9434f50712b84f6a66d1285ea21
Successfully built cffi
Failed to build cryptography
Installing collected packages: cffi, cryptography, pyOpenSSL, ndg-httpsclient, requests
Running setup.py install for cryptography
Complete output from command /opt/foo/django-cms-virtualenv/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-eZaLAG/cryptography/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-BwgYTp-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /opt/foo/django-cms-virtualenv/include/site/python2.7/cryptography:
running install
running build
running build_py
running egg_info
writing requirements to src/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt
writing src/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to src/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to src/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to src/cryptography.egg-info/entry_points.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

reading manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'vectors'
writing manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
building '_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7' extension
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7.o
src/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_a269d620xd5c405b7.c:217:25: fatal error: openssl/aes.h: Datei oder Verzeichnis nicht gefunden
 #include <openssl/aes.h>
                         ^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

重要的部分是：#include <openssl/aes.h>

编译器非常清楚它要求这个文件 - 但它不在文件系统中。

知道这一点，唯一要做的就是：安装所需的库！

找出您的发行所需的包：例如对于Ubuntu，您可以转到The Ubuntu Package Search Site并输入您要查找的丢失文件。在这种情况下＆＃34; aes.h ＆＃34;
使用您的发行包管理工具安装所需的包：例如对于Ubuntu：

aptitude install libssl-dev
在你的virtualenv中重试pip：

pip install requests[security]

Answer 2

我通过Linux Mint 17中的Synaptic Package Manager安装了python2.7-dev。

然后我可以在virtualenv中完成以下内容：

pip install pillow
pip install pycrypto

然后我通过Synaptic安装了libxml2-dev和libxslt1-dev，可以完成以下任务：

pip install lxml

我也这样做，以便pymongo安装没有任何错误：

pip uninstall pymongo
pip install pymongo  # i defined the version i needed ie pip install pymongo==2.6.2

我仍然很困惑这是如何解决问题的，因为我认为virtualenv是一个孤立的环境。任何关于此的澄清都表示赞赏。

Answer 3

为我工作：
首先安装python2.7-dev sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev

Answer 4

在Ubuntu 16.04.1中，这对我有用：

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev python-dev

Answer 5

对我来说，lxml的安装在编译时失败了。我按照安装lxml的说明进行操作，并减少了编译器优化：

sudo CFLAGS="-O0"  pip install lxml

执行此操作后，lxml的编译成功。

Answer 6

这可能是一个问题。要解决，请尝试：

sudo apt-get remove python-pip

要安装pip，请安全下载get-pip.py。

https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

sudo python get-pip.py

Answer 7

cffi库需要libffi-dev：

sudo apt-get install libffi libffi-dev

Answer 8

最简单的方法是：

sudo apt-get build-dep python-imaging

然后

pip install pillow

Answer 9

这适用于我，12.04，python2.7.6包 lxml

sudo pip install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev
sudo pip install lxml

“错误：命令'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc'以退出状态1失败”在virtualenv中

9 个答案: