在C#中查找更大字符串中子字符串的所有位置

时间:2010-04-14 21:52:48

标签: c# .net asp.net string

我需要解析一个大字符串,我需要查找extract"(me,i-have lots. of]punctuation的所有实例,并将每个的索引存储到列表中。

所以说这段字符串位于较大字符串的开头和中间,它们都会被找到,它们的索引会被添加到List。并且List将包含0和另一个索引。

我一直在玩,string.IndexOf几乎我正在寻找的东西,而且我已经写了一些代码 - 但它不起作用我已经无法确切地知道出了什么问题:

List<int> inst = new List<int>();
int index = 0;
while (index < source.LastIndexOf("extract\"(me,i-have lots. of]punctuation", 0) + 39)
{
    int src = source.IndexOf("extract\"(me,i-have lots. of]punctuation", index);
    inst.Add(src);
    index = src + 40;
}
  • inst =清单
  • source =大字符串

有更好的想法吗?

14 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:112)

以下是一个示例扩展方法:

public static List<int> AllIndexesOf(this string str, string value) {
    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
        throw new ArgumentException("the string to find may not be empty", "value");
    List<int> indexes = new List<int>();
    for (int index = 0;; index += value.Length) {
        index = str.IndexOf(value, index);
        if (index == -1)
            return indexes;
        indexes.Add(index);
    }
}

如果你把它放到一个静态类中并用using导入命名空间,它就会在任何字符串上显示为一个方法,你可以这样做:

List<int> indexes = "fooStringfooBar".AllIndexesOf("foo");

有关扩展方法的详细信息,请http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb383977.aspx

使用迭代器也一样:

public static IEnumerable<int> AllIndexesOf(this string str, string value) {
    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
        throw new ArgumentException("the string to find may not be empty", "value");
    for (int index = 0;; index += value.Length) {
        index = str.IndexOf(value, index);
        if (index == -1)
            break;
        yield return index;
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分:14)

为什么不使用内置的RegEx类:

public static IEnumerable<int> GetAllIndexes(this string source, string matchString)
{
   matchString = Regex.Escape(matchString);
   foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(source, matchString))
   {
      yield return match.Index;
   }
}

如果确实需要重用表达式,则编译它并将其缓存到某处。将matchString参数更改为另一个重载中的Regex matchExpression以用于重用案例。

答案 2 :(得分:8)

使用LINQ

public static IEnumerable<int> IndexOfAll(this string sourceString, string subString)
{
    return Regex.Matches(sourceString, subString).Cast<Match>().Select(m => m.Index);
}

答案 3 :(得分:5)

抛光版+忽略支持的案例:

public static int[] AllIndexesOf(string str, string substr, bool ignoreCase = false)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(str) ||
        string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(substr))
    {
        throw new ArgumentException("String or substring is not specified.");
    }

    var indexes = new List<int>();
    int index = 0;

    while ((index = str.IndexOf(substr, index, ignoreCase ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase : StringComparison.Ordinal)) != -1)
    {
        indexes.Add(index++);
    }

    return indexes.ToArray();
}

答案 4 :(得分:2)

可以使用O(N + M)中的KMP算法在高效的时间复杂度下完成,其中N是text的长度,M是pattern的长度。 / p>

这是实现和用法:

static class StringExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<int> AllIndicesOf(this string text, string pattern)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(pattern))
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pattern));
        }
        return Kmp(text, pattern);
    }

    private static IEnumerable<int> Kmp(string text, string pattern)
    {
        int M = pattern.Length;
        int N = text.Length;

        int[] lps = LongestPrefixSuffix(pattern);
        int i = 0, j = 0; 

        while (i < N)
        {
            if (pattern[j] == text[i])
            {
                j++;
                i++;
            }
            if (j == M)
            {
                yield return i - j;
                j = lps[j - 1];
            }

            else if (i < N && pattern[j] != text[i])
            {
                if (j != 0)
                {
                    j = lps[j - 1];
                }
                else
                {
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static int[] LongestPrefixSuffix(string pattern)
    {
        int[] lps = new int[pattern.Length];
        int length = 0;
        int i = 1;

        while (i < pattern.Length)
        {
            if (pattern[i] == pattern[length])
            {
                length++;
                lps[i] = length;
                i++;
            }
            else
            {
                if (length != 0)
                {
                    length = lps[length - 1];
                }
                else
                {
                    lps[i] = length;
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
        return lps;
    }

这是如何使用它的示例:

static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string text = "this is a test";
        string pattern = "is";
        foreach (var index in text.AllIndicesOf(pattern))
        {
            Console.WriteLine(index); // 2 5
        }
    }

答案 5 :(得分:1)

public List<int> GetPositions(string source, string searchString)
{
    List<int> ret = new List<int>();
    int len = searchString.Length;
    int start = -len;
    while (true)
    {
        start = source.IndexOf(searchString, start + len);
        if (start == -1)
        {
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            ret.Add(start);
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

这样称呼:

List<int> list = GetPositions("bob is a chowder head bob bob sldfjl", "bob");
// list will contain 0, 22, 26

答案 6 :(得分:1)

@Matti Virkkunen的好回答

public static List<int> AllIndexesOf(this string str, string value) {
    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
        throw new ArgumentException("the string to find may not be empty", "value");
    List<int> indexes = new List<int>();
    for (int index = 0;; index += value.Length) {
        index = str.IndexOf(value, index);
        if (index == -1)
            return indexes;
        indexes.Add(index);
        index--;
    }
}

但这包括像AOOAOOA这样的测试案例 where substring

是AOOA和AOOA

输出0和3

答案 7 :(得分:1)

没有Regex,使用字符串比较类型:

string search = "123aa456AA789bb9991AACAA";
string pattern = "AA";
Enumerable.Range(0, search.Length)
   .Select(index => { return new { Index = index, Length = (index + pattern.Length) > search.Length ? search.Length - index : pattern.Length }; })
   .Where(searchbit => searchbit.Length == pattern.Length && pattern.Equals(search.Substring(searchbit.Index, searchbit.Length),StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
   .Select(searchbit => searchbit.Index)

这将返回{3,8,19,22}。空模式将匹配所有位置。

对于多种模式:

string search = "123aa456AA789bb9991AACAA";
string[] patterns = new string[] { "aa", "99" };
patterns.SelectMany(pattern => Enumerable.Range(0, search.Length)
   .Select(index => { return new { Index = index, Length = (index + pattern.Length) > search.Length ? search.Length - index : pattern.Length }; })
   .Where(searchbit => searchbit.Length == pattern.Length && pattern.Equals(search.Substring(searchbit.Index, searchbit.Length), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
   .Select(searchbit => searchbit.Index))

这将返回{3,8,19,22,15,16}

答案 8 :(得分:1)

我注意到至少有两个提议的解决方案不能处理重叠搜索命中。我没有检查标有绿色复选标记的那个。这是处理重叠搜索命中的一个:

    public static List<int> GetPositions(this string source, string searchString)
    {
        List<int> ret = new List<int>();
        int len = searchString.Length;
        int start = -1;
        while (true)
        {
            start = source.IndexOf(searchString, start +1);
            if (start == -1)
            {
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                ret.Add(start);
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }

答案 9 :(得分:0)

基于我用于在较大字符串中查找字符串的多个实例的代码,您的代码将如下所示:

List<int> inst = new List<int>();
int index = 0;
while (index >=0)
{
    index = source.IndexOf("extract\"(me,i-have lots. of]punctuation", index);
    inst.Add(index);
    index++;
}

答案 10 :(得分:0)

@csam在理论上是正确的,虽然他的代码不会编译并且可以重构顶部>

public static IEnumerable<int> IndexOfAll(this string sourceString, string matchString)
{
    matchString = Regex.Escape(matchString);
    return from Match match in Regex.Matches(sourceString, matchString) select match.Index;
}

答案 11 :(得分:0)

public static Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<int>> GetWordsPositions(this string input, string[] Susbtrings)
{
    Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<int>> WordsPositions = new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<int>>();
    IEnumerable<int> IndexOfAll = null;
    foreach (string st in Susbtrings)
    {
        IndexOfAll = Regex.Matches(input, st).Cast<Match>().Select(m => m.Index);
        WordsPositions.Add(st, IndexOfAll);

    }
    return WordsPositions;
}

答案 12 :(得分:-1)

我找到了这个example并将其合并到一个函数中:

    public static int solution1(int A, int B)
    {
        // Check if A and B are in [0...999,999,999]
        if ( (A >= 0 && A <= 999999999) && (B >= 0 && B <= 999999999))
        {
            if (A == 0 && B == 0)
            {
                return 0;
            }
            // Make sure A < B
            if (A < B)
            {                    
                // Convert A and B to strings
                string a = A.ToString();
                string b = B.ToString();
                int index = 0;

                // See if A is a substring of B
                if (b.Contains(a))
                {
                    // Find index where A is
                    if (b.IndexOf(a) != -1)
                    {                            
                        while ((index = b.IndexOf(a, index)) != -1)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine(A + " found at position " + index);
                            index++;
                        }
                        Console.ReadLine();
                        return b.IndexOf(a);
                    }
                    else
                        return -1;
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(A + " is not in " + B + ".");
                    Console.ReadLine();

                    return -1;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine(A + " must be less than " + B + ".");
               // Console.ReadLine();

                return -1;
            }                
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("A or B is out of range.");
            //Console.ReadLine();

            return -1;
        }
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int A = 53, B = 1953786;
        int C = 78, D = 195378678;
        int E = 57, F = 153786;

        solution1(A, B);
        solution1(C, D);
        solution1(E, F);

        Console.WriteLine();
    }

返回:

在位置2找到53

在第4位找到78
78在第7位找到

57不在153786

答案 13 :(得分:-1)

这种替代实现方式如何?

 public static class MyExtensions
    {
        public static int HowMany(this string str, char needle)
        {
            int counter = 0;
            int nextIndex = 0;
            for (; nextIndex != -1; )
            {
                nextIndex = str.IndexOf(needle, nextIndex);
                if (nextIndex != -1)
                {
                    counter++;
                    //step over to the next char
                    nextIndex++;
                }
            }
            return counter;
        }
    }