如何使用ctypes从Python中访问struct中的指针数据?

时间:2014-07-23 13:40:51

标签: python pointers ctypes

我有以下C结构:

typedef struct {
    uint8_t a;
    uint8_t b;
    uint32_t c;
    uint8_t* d;
}

使用ctypes,通过回调,我能够在Python中获得指向这样一个结构的指针,让我们称之为ref。我可以这样轻松地获得a,b,c:

from ctypes import cast, c_uint8, c_uint32, POINTER

a = cast(ref, POINTER(c_uint8)).contents.value
b = cast(ref + 1, POINTER(c_uint8)).contents.value
c = cast(ref + 2, POINTER(c_uint32)).contents.value

但我无法从d读取字节。我尝试了以下方法:

d_pointer = cast(ref + 6, POINTER(POINTER(c_uint8))).contents
first_byte_of_d = d_pointer.contents
print type(first_byte_of_d) # prints <class 'ctypes.c_ubyte'>
print first_byte_of_d

在最后一行,我在使用gdb进行调试时遇到了SIGSEGV。所以问题是,如何从Python中的结构访问指针的第一个字节?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

您假设c直接跟在b之后,而事实并非如此。编译器将在该结构中填充x86上的几个字节,以对齐c

正确的方法是在ctypes中声明您的结构的一对一映射:

from ctypes import *

class object_t(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('a', c_uint8),
        ('b', c_uint8),
        ('c', c_uint32),
        ('d', POINTER(c_uint8)),
    ]

不,您可以获得此类型的任何成员的价值。

C示例库:

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct object_t {
  uint8_t a;
  uint8_t b;
  uint32_t c;
  uint8_t* d;
};

static struct object_t object = {'a', 'b', 12345, NULL};

struct object_t * func1(void)
{
  return &object;
}

void func2(void(*callback)(struct object_t *))
{
  callback(&object);
}

从Python中使用它:

from ctypes import *

class object_t(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('a', c_uint8),
        ('b', c_uint8),
        ('c', c_uint32),
        ('d', POINTER(c_uint8)),
    ]

callback_t = CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(object_t))

lib = CDLL('./file.dll')

func1 = lib.func1
func1.argtypes = None
func1.restype  = POINTER(object_t)

func2 = lib.func2
func2.argtypes = [callback_t]
func2.restype   = None

ret = func1()

a = ret.contents.a
b = ret.contents.b
c = ret.contents.c
d = ret.contents.d

def mycallback(obj):
    a = obj.contents.a
    b = obj.contents.b
    c = obj.contents.c
    d = obj.contents.d

func2(callback_t(mycallback))