我是Go的新手,已经实现了二叉搜索树。树可以存储任何值(特别是实现interface{}
的任何内容)。
我想在此实现的基础上构建一个自平衡的红黑树。在面向对象的语言中,我定义了一个BinarySearchTree
的子类,它添加了一个color
数据成员,然后覆盖Insert
方法来执行平衡操作。
问题:如何在Go中实现二进制搜索树和红黑树而不重复代码?
这是我的二叉搜索树实现:
package trees
import (
"github.com/modocache/cargo/comparators"
"reflect"
)
type BinarySearchTree struct {
Parent *BinarySearchTree
Left *BinarySearchTree
Right *BinarySearchTree
Value interface{} // Can hold any value
less comparators.Less // A comparator function to determine whether
// an inserted value is placed left or right
}
func NewBinarySearchTree(value interface{}, less comparators.Less) *BinarySearchTree {
return &BinarySearchTree{Value: value, less: less}
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) Insert(value interface{}) *BinarySearchTree {
if tree.less(value, tree.Value) {
return tree.insertLeft(value)
} else {
return tree.insertRight(value)
}
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) insertLeft(value interface{}) *BinarySearchTree {
if tree.Left == nil {
tree.Left = &BinarySearchTree{Value: value, Parent: tree, less: tree.less}
return tree.Left
} else {
return tree.Left.Insert(value)
}
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) insertRight(value interface{}) *BinarySearchTree {
if tree.Right == nil {
tree.Right = &BinarySearchTree{Value: value, Parent: tree, less: tree.less}
return tree.Right
} else {
return tree.Right.Insert(value)
}
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) Find(value interface{}) *BinarySearchTree {
if reflect.DeepEqual(value, tree.Value) {
return tree
} else if tree.less(value, tree.Value) {
return tree.findLeft(value)
} else {
return tree.findRight(value)
}
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) findLeft(value interface{}) *BinarySearchTree {
if tree.Left == nil {
return nil
} else {
return tree.Left.Find(value)
}
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) findRight(value interface{}) *BinarySearchTree {
if tree.Right == nil {
return nil
} else {
return tree.Right.Find(value)
}
}
以下是如何使用此结构的示例:
tree := NewBinarySearchTree(100, func(value, treeValue interface{}) bool {
return value.(int) < treeValue.(int)
})
tree.Insert(200)
tree.Insert(300)
tree.Insert(250)
tree.Insert(150)
tree.Insert(275)
tree.Find(250) // Returns tree.Right.Right.Left
我想像这样“扩展”BinarySearchTree
struct
:
type RedBlackTree struct {
Parent *RedBlackTree // These must be able to store
Left *RedBlackTree // pointers to red-black trees
Right *RedBlackTree
Value interface{}
less comparators.Less
color RedBlackTreeColor // Each tree must maintain a color property
}
然后“覆盖”.Insert()
方法,如下所示:
func (tree *RedBlackTree) Insert(value interface{}) *RedBlackTree {
var inserted *RedBlackTree
// Insertion logic is identical to BinarySearchTree
if tree.less(value, tree.Value) {
inserted = tree.insertLeft(value)
} else {
inserted tree.insertRight(value)
}
// .balance() is a private method on RedBlackTree that balances
// the tree based on each node's color
inserted.balance()
// Returns a *RedBlackTree
return inserted
}
但我不认为这是惯用的Go代码。
BinarySearchTree
定义了指向其他BinarySearchTree
结构的指针,因此RedBlackTree
“扩展”BinarySearchTree
仍然指向BinarySearchTree
个对象。.Insert()
。我唯一的选择是定义另一种方法,例如.BalancedInsert()
。我目前正在尝试的一个想法是定义一个接口,例如:
type BinarySearchable interface {
Parent() *BinarySearchable
SetParent(searchable *BinarySearchable)
Left() *BinarySearchable
SetLeft(searchable *BinarySearchable)
Right() *BinarySearchable
SetRight(searchable *BinarySearchable)
Value() interface{}
Less() comparators.Less
Insert(searchable *BinarySearchable) *BinarySearchable
Find(value interface{}) *BinarySearchable
}
然后BinarySearchTree
和RedBlackTree
将实现这些接口。然而,一个问题是如何共享.Insert()
逻辑。也许定义每个结构将使用的私有函数?
欢迎提出任何建议。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
这就是我想出的。我宁愿接受另一个答案,但到目前为止这是最好的。
BinarySearchable
接口 BinarySearchTree
和RedBlackTree
都符合此接口。该文件还定义了所有二进制可搜索结构共有的函数,包括insert()
,.find()
,leftRotate()
等。
为了动态创建各种类型的对象,insert()
函数采用childConstructor
函数参数。 BinarySearchTree
和RedBlackTree
使用此函数创建任意类型的子树。
// binary_searchable.go
type BinarySearchable interface {
Parent() BinarySearchable
SetParent(searchable BinarySearchable)
Left() BinarySearchable
SetLeft(searchable BinarySearchable)
Right() BinarySearchable
SetRight(searchable BinarySearchable)
Value() interface{}
Insert(value interface{}) BinarySearchable
Find(value interface{}) BinarySearchable
Less() comparators.Less
}
type childConstructor func(parent BinarySearchable, value interface{}) BinarySearchable
func insert(searchable BinarySearchable, value interface{}, constructor childConstructor) BinarySearchable {
if searchable.Less()(value, searchable.Value()) {
if searchable.Left() == nil {
// The constructor function is used to
// create children of dynamic types
searchable.SetLeft(constructor(searchable, value))
return searchable.Left()
} else {
return searchable.Left().Insert(value)
}
} else {
if searchable.Right() == nil {
searchable.SetRight(constructor(searchable, value))
return searchable.Right()
} else {
return searchable.Right().Insert(value)
}
}
}
BinarySearchTree
这是嵌入在其他树结构中的“基础”结构。它提供了BinarySearchable
接口方法的默认实现,以及每个树用于存储其子项的数据属性。
// binary_search_tree.go
type BinarySearchTree struct {
parent BinarySearchable
left BinarySearchable
right BinarySearchable
value interface{}
less comparators.Less
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) Parent() BinarySearchable {
return tree.parent
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) SetParent(parent BinarySearchable) {
tree.parent = parent
}
// ...setters and getters for left, right, value, less, etc.
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) Insert(value interface{}) BinarySearchable {
// Pass `insert()` a constructor that creates a `*BinarySearchTree`
constructor := func(parent BinarySearchable, value interface{}) BinarySearchable {
return &BinarySearchTree{value: value, less: tree.less, parent: parent}
}
return insert(tree, value, constructor).(*BinarySearchTree)
}
func (tree *BinarySearchTree) Find(value interface{}) BinarySearchable {
return find(tree, value)
}
RedBlackTree
这会嵌入BinarySearchTree
并将自定义构造函数传递给insert()
。为简洁起见,省略了平衡代码;你可以see the whole file here。
// red_black_tree.go
type RedBlackTree struct {
*BinarySearchTree
color RedBlackTreeColor
}
func NewRedBlackTree(value interface{}, less comparators.Less) *RedBlackTree {
return &RedBlackTree{&BinarySearchTree{value: value, less: less}, Black}
}
func (tree *RedBlackTree) Insert(value interface{}) BinarySearchable {
constructor := func(parent BinarySearchable, value interface{}) BinarySearchable {
return &RedBlackTree{&BinarySearchTree{value: value, less: tree.less, parent: parent}, Red}
}
inserted := insert(tree, value, constructor).(*RedBlackTree)
inserted.balance()
return inserted
}
func (tree *RedBlackTree) balance() {
// ...omitted for brevity
}
如果有人有更惯用的设计或改进此设计的建议,请发回答,我会接受。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
您可以使用example
嵌入:
type A struct{}
func (a *A) fn() { fmt.Println("A.fn") }
func (a *A) fn1() { fmt.Println("A.fn1") }
type B struct{ *A }
func (a *B) fn() { fmt.Println("B.fn") }
func main() {
b := &B{&A{}}
b.fn()
b.fn1()
}
这应该覆盖BST&#39; Insert
,但保留所有其他功能:
type RedBlackTree struct {
*BinarySearchTree
color RedBlackTreeColor // This is the only new attribute
}
func (tree *RedBlackTree) Insert(value interface{}) *RedBlackTree {}
http://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html#embedding
//修改
重读你必须改变逻辑的问题
type RedBlackTree struct {
*BinarySearchTree
}
type rbtValue struct {
value interface{}
Color RedBlackTreeColor
}
func (tree *RedBlackTree) Insert(value interface{}) (inserted *RedBlackTree) {
if tree.less(value, tree.Value) {
inserted = tree.insertLeft(&rbt{value, Red})
} else {
inserted = tree.insertRight(&rbt{value, Black})
}
inserted.balance()
return inserted
}
然后制作一个适用于tree.Value.(rbtValue).Value