我们可以在域驱动设计中使用ASP.NET标识吗？

Question

我们的团队决定为我们的项目使用域驱动设计架构。现在正在进行讨论，“我们可以在DDD中使用ASP.NET身份吗？”。

在DDD设计中使用ASP.NET标识是否有任何缺点。

我很困惑，无法做出决定。

我已经搜索过了，但我没有想到。

任何帮助都会很明显。

Answer 1

这些问题揭示了一些误解：

您似乎将领域模型视为一个整体模型，您可以将每个应用程序放入其中。相反，请专注于战略模式以区分有界上下文。将域视为几个松散互连组件的组合。然后确定您的核心域名是什么，并在那里应用DDD战术模式。并非每个ccomponent都需要DDD。其中一些人甚至不应该使用DDD。特别是 - 通用域名，如身份验证。

DDD与技术无关（某些方面）所以是的，您可以使用ASP.NET Identity或任何您喜欢的库。

身份验证通常属于“应用程序”层，而不属于“域”层。

但是 - 如果在您的域中存在用户/客户/人的概念，则可能需要使用身份组件提供的身份。但是你必须明白，有界上下文中User的含义与Identity in Identity中的含义不同。这些概念不一样。虽然他们都指的是坐在某个地方并点击你应用程序的GUI的同一个身体的人，但他们是他的两个不同的模型（或投影），用于不同的目的。所以你不应该在有界的上下文中重用ASP.NET User类。

相反 - 单独的上下文应该通过反腐败层进行通信。基本上，您必须在有界上下文中创建一些服务（仅限接口），以生成特定于上下文的User对象。在基础结构层中实现的该接口的实现将是ASP.NET标识的包装，它将获得ASP.NET标识用户并生成相应的有界上下文用户。

Answer 2

你可以使用任何你喜欢的东西。但要注意污染特定的解决方案。如果您的域模型被数百行asp.net技术类型的管道代码搞砸了，这使得您的域逻辑难以察觉并且您缺少DDD点。

在理想情况下 - 您的域模型应仅依赖于编程语言。

此外 - 您可能会在我很久以前的user session related code实施中找到一些有用的东西。

Answer 3

我是DDD的新手。但我实现了与Identity和DDD的集成。虽然我怀疑它真的坚持DDD的原则。

我从实体开始：

public partial class User : IdentityUser {
        public async Task<ClaimsIdentity> GenerateUserIdentityAsync(UserManager<User> manager) {
            var userIdentity = await manager.CreateIdentityAsync(this, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);
            // Add custom user claims here
            return userIdentity;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// The Date the User Registered for general information purposes
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime DateRegistered { get; set; }
    }

接口：

public interface IUserRepository:IBaseRepository<User> {
        /// <summary>
        /// Register User to Identity Database
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to Handle Registration</param>
        /// <param name="user">User to add to database</param>
        /// <param name="password">User's password</param>
        /// <returns>Identity Result</returns>
        Task<IdentityResult> Register(UserManager<User, string> userManager, User user, string password);
        /// <summary>
        /// Login User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle login</param>
        /// <param name="email">Email of user</param>
        /// <param name="password">Password of user</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if the user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <returns>SignIn Status</returns>
        Task<SignInStatus> Login(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string email, string password, bool rememberMe);
        /// <summary>
        /// Verify that code sent to User is valid
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle verification</param>
        /// <param name="provider">Provider of the code</param>
        /// <param name="code">The code</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <param name="rememberBrowser">Boolean if browser should be remembered</param>
        /// <returns>SignIn Status</returns>
        Task<SignInStatus> VerifyCode(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string provider, string code, bool rememberMe, bool rememberBrowser);
        /// <summary>
        /// Confirm email of User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to handle confirmation</param>
        /// <param name="userId">String user Id of the User</param>
        /// <param name="code">User code sent in Email</param>
        /// <returns>Identity Result</returns>
        Task<IdentityResult> ConfirmEmail(UserManager<User, string> userManager, string userId, string code);
        void ForgotPassword();
        void ForgotPasswordConfirmation();
        void ResetPassword();
        void ResetPasswordConfirmation();
        void ExternalLogin();
        void SendCode();
        void ExternalLoginCallback();
        void ExternalLoginConfirmation();
        /// <summary>
        /// Log off user from the Application
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="AuthenticationManager">Application Manager to handle Sign out</param>
        void Logoff(IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager);
        /// <summary>
        /// Get user based on their Email
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Email">Email of user</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        User GetUser(string Email);
        /// <summary>
        /// Get User by their GUID
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ID">GUID</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        User GetUserById(string ID);
    }

然后是存储库：

public class UserRepository : BaseRepository<User>, IUserRepository {
        /// <summary>
        /// Confirm email of User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to handle confirmation</param>
        /// <param name="userId">String user Id of the User</param>
        /// <param name="code">User code sent in Email</param>
        /// <returns>Identity Result</returns>
        public async Task<IdentityResult> ConfirmEmail(UserManager<User, string> userManager, string userId, string code) =>
            await userManager.ConfirmEmailAsync(userId, code);

        public void ExternalLogin() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ExternalLoginCallback() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ExternalLoginConfirmation() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ForgotPassword() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ForgotPasswordConfirmation() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Get user based on their Email
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Email">Email of user</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        public User GetUser(string Email) =>
            _context.Users.Where(p => p.Email == Email).FirstOrDefault();
        /// <summary>
        /// Get User by their GUID
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ID">GUID</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        public User GetUserById(string ID) => 
            _context.Users.Find(ID);
        /// <summary>
        /// Login User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle login</param>
        /// <param name="email">Email of user</param>
        /// <param name="password">Password of user</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if the user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <returns>SignIn Status</returns>
        public async Task<SignInStatus> Login(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string email, string password, bool rememberMe) =>
            await signinManager.PasswordSignInAsync(email, password, rememberMe, shouldLockout: false);
        /// <summary>
        /// Log off user from the Application
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="AuthenticationManager">Application Manager to handle Sign out</param>
        public void Logoff(IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager) {
            AuthenticationManager.SignOut(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Register User to Identity Database
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to Handle Registration</param>
        /// <param name="user">User to add to database</param>
        /// <param name="password">User's password</param>
        /// <returns>Identity Result</returns>
        public async Task<IdentityResult> Register(UserManager<User, string> userManager, User user, string password) =>
            await userManager.CreateAsync(user, password);

        public void ResetPassword() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ResetPasswordConfirmation() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void SendCode() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Verify that code sent to User is valid
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle verification</param>
        /// <param name="provider">Provider of the code</param>
        /// <param name="code">The code</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <param name="rememberBrowser">Boolean if browser should be remembered</param>
        /// <returns>SignIn Status</returns>
        public async Task<SignInStatus> VerifyCode(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string provider, string code, bool rememberMe, bool rememberBrowser) =>
            await signinManager.TwoFactorSignInAsync(provider, code, isPersistent: rememberMe, rememberBrowser: rememberBrowser);
    }

IService：

public interface IUserService {
        /// <summary>
        /// Register User to Identity Database
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to Handle Registration</param>
        /// <param name="user">User to add to database</param>
        /// <param name="password">User's password</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        Task<IdentityResult> Register(UserManager<User, string> userManager, User user, string password);
        /// <summary>
        /// Login User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle login</param>
        /// <param name="email">Email of user</param>
        /// <param name="password">Password of user</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if the user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        Task<SignInStatus> Login(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string email, string password, bool rememberMe);
        /// <summary>
        /// Verify that code sent to User is valid
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle verification</param>
        /// <param name="provider">Provider of the code</param>
        /// <param name="code">The code</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <param name="rememberBrowser">Boolean if browser should be remembered</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        Task<SignInStatus> VerifyCode(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string provider, string code, bool rememberMe, bool rememberBrowser);
        /// <summary>
        /// Confirm email of User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to handle confirmation</param>
        /// <param name="userId">String user Id of the User</param>
        /// <param name="code">User code sent in Email</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        Task<IdentityResult> ConfirmEmail(UserManager<User, string> userManager, string userId, string code);
        void ForgotPassword();
        void ForgotPasswordConfirmation();
        void ResetPassword();
        void ResetPasswordConfirmation();
        void ExternalLogin();
        void SendCode();
        void ExternalLoginCallback();
        void ExternalLoginConfirmation();
        /// <summary>
        /// Log off user from the Application
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="AuthenticationManager">Application Manager to handle Sign out</param>
        void Logoff(IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager);
        /// <summary>
        /// Get user based on their Email
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Email">Email of user</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        User GetUser(string Email);
        /// <summary>
        /// Get User by their GUID
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ID">GUID</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        User GetUserById(string ID);
    }

服务：

public class UserService : ServiceBase, IUserService {

        #region Private Field

        private IUserRepository _userRepository;

        #endregion

        #region Constructor
        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor to initialise User Repository
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userRepository"></param>
        public UserService(IUserRepository userRepository) {
            _userRepository = userRepository;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Methods
        /// <summary>
        /// Confirm email of User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to handle confirmation</param>
        /// <param name="userId">String user Id of the User</param>
        /// <param name="code">User code sent in Email</param>
        /// <returns>Identity Result</returns>
        public Task<IdentityResult> ConfirmEmail(UserManager<User, string> userManager, string userId, string code) =>
            _userRepository.ConfirmEmail(userManager, userId, code);

        public void ExternalLogin() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ExternalLoginCallback() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ExternalLoginConfirmation() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ForgotPassword() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ForgotPasswordConfirmation() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Get user based on their Email
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Email">Email of user</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        public User GetUser(string Email) {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Get User by their GUID
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ID">GUID</param>
        /// <returns>User</returns>
        public User GetUserById(string ID) {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Login User
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle login</param>
        /// <param name="email">Email of user</param>
        /// <param name="password">Password of user</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if the user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <returns>SignIn Status</returns>
        public Task<SignInStatus> Login(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string email, string password, bool rememberMe) =>
            _userRepository.Login(signinManager, email, password, rememberMe);
        /// <summary>
        /// Log off user from the Application
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="AuthenticationManager">Application Manager to handle Sign out</param>
        public void Logoff(IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager) {
            _userRepository.Logoff(AuthenticationManager);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Register User to Identity Database
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userManager">User Manager to Handle Registration</param>
        /// <param name="user">User to add to database</param>
        /// <param name="password">User's password</param>
        public Task<IdentityResult> Register(UserManager<User, string> userManager, User user, string password) =>
            _userRepository.Register(userManager, user, password);

        public void ResetPassword() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void ResetPasswordConfirmation() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void SendCode() {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Verify that code sent to User is valid
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="signinManager">Signin Manager to handle verification</param>
        /// <param name="provider">Provider of the code</param>
        /// <param name="code">The code</param>
        /// <param name="rememberMe">Boolean if user wants to be remembered</param>
        /// <param name="rememberBrowser">Boolean if browser should be remembered</param>
        /// <returns>SignIn Status</returns>
        public Task<SignInStatus> VerifyCode(SignInManager<User, string> signinManager, string provider, string code, bool rememberMe, bool rememberBrowser) =>
            _userRepository.VerifyCode(signinManager, provider, code, rememberMe, rememberBrowser);

        #endregion

    }