就像标题所暗示的那样,我有一个简短的演示程序可以编译所有这些编译器,但在使用gcc 4.8和gcc 4.9编译后运行核心转储:
关于为什么的任何想法?
#include <unordered_map>
struct Foo : std::unordered_map<int,int> {
using std::unordered_map<int, int>::unordered_map;
// ~Foo() = default; // adding this allows it to work
};
struct Bar {
Bar(Foo f = {}) : _f(std::move(f)) {}
// using any of the following constructors fixes the problem:
// Bar(Foo f = Foo()) : _f(std::move(f)) {}
// Bar(Foo f = {}) : _f(f) {}
Foo _f;
};
int main() {
Bar b;
// the following code works as expected
// Foo f1 = {};
// Foo f2 = std::move(f1);
}
我的编辑设置:
g++ --std=c++11 main.cpp
以下是GDB的回溯:
#0 0x00007fff95d50866 in __pthread_kill ()
#1 0x00007fff90ba435c in pthread_kill ()
#2 0x00007fff8e7d1bba in abort ()
#3 0x00007fff9682e093 in free ()
#4 0x0000000100002108 in __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node_base*>::deallocate ()
#5 0x0000000100001e7d in std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node_base*> >::deallocate ()
#6 0x0000000100001adc in std::__detail::_Hashtable_alloc<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node<std::pair<int const, int>, false> > >::_M_deallocate_buckets ()
#7 0x000000010000182e in std::_Hashtable<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<int>, std::hash<int>, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<false, false, true> >::_M_deallocate_buckets ()
#8 0x000000010000155a in std::_Hashtable<int, std::pair<int const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<int>, std::hash<int>, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<false, false, true> >::~_Hashtable ()
#9 0x000000010000135c in std::unordered_map<int, int, std::hash<int>, std::equal_to<int>, std::allocator<std::pair<int const, int> > >::~unordered_map ()
#10 0x00000001000013de in Foo::~Foo ()
#11 0x0000000100001482 in Bar::~Bar ()
#12 0x0000000100001294 in main ()
*** error for object 0x1003038a0: pointer being freed was not allocated
***
答案 0 :(得分:11)
它显示为fix for the problem has been checked in。
有趣的问题。这似乎是GCC如何处理= {}
初始化默认参数的错误,这是late addition to the standard。问题可以通过一个非常简单的类代替std::unordered_map<int,int>
:
#include <utility>
struct PtrClass
{
int *p = nullptr;
PtrClass()
{
p = new int;
}
PtrClass(PtrClass&& rhs) : p(rhs.p)
{
rhs.p = nullptr;
}
~PtrClass()
{
delete p;
}
};
void DefArgFunc(PtrClass x = {})
{
PtrClass x2{std::move(x)};
}
int main()
{
DefArgFunc();
return 0;
}
Compiled with g++ (Ubuntu 4.8.1-2ubuntu1~12.04) 4.8.1,它显示了同样的问题:
*** glibc detected *** ./a.out: double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x0000000001aa9010 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x7eb96)[0x7fc2cd196b96]
./a.out[0x400721]
./a.out[0x4006ac]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xed)[0x7fc2cd13976d]
./a.out[0x400559]
======= Memory map: ========
bash: line 7: 2916 Aborted (core dumped) ./a.out
进一步深入,GCC似乎在使用这种语法时创建了一个额外的对象(尽管它只调用构造函数和析构函数):
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
struct SimpleClass
{
SimpleClass()
{
std::cout << "In constructor: " << this << std::endl;
}
~SimpleClass()
{
std::cout << "In destructor: " << this << std::endl;
}
};
void DefArgFunc(SimpleClass x = {})
{
std::cout << "In DefArgFunc: " << &x << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
DefArgFunc();
return 0;
}
In constructor: 0x7fffbf873ebf
In DefArgFunc: 0x7fffbf873ea0
In destructor: 0x7fffbf873ebf
将默认参数从SimpleClass x = {}
更改为SimpleClass x = SimpleClass{}
会产生
In constructor: 0x7fffdde483bf
In DefArgFunc: 0x7fffdde483bf
In destructor: 0x7fffdde483bf
正如所料。
似乎正在发生的是创建一个对象,调用默认构造函数,然后执行类似于memcpy
的操作。这个“鬼对象”是传递给移动构造函数并被修改的内容。但是,析构函数在原始的未修改对象上调用,该对象现在与移动构造的对象共享一些指针。最终两者都试图释放它,导致问题。
根据上述说明,您注意到的四个更改修复了问题:
// 1
// adding the destructor inhibits the compiler generated move constructor for Foo,
// so the copy constructor is called instead and the moved-to object gets a new
// pointer that it doesn't share with the "ghost object", hence no double-free
~Foo() = default;
// 2
// No `= {}` default argument, GCC bug isn't triggered, no "ghost object"
Bar(Foo f = Foo()) : _f(std::move(f)) {}
// 3
// The copy constructor is called instead of the move constructor
Bar(Foo f = {}) : _f(f) {}
// 4
// No `= {}` default argument, GCC bug isn't triggered, no "ghost object"
Foo f1 = {};
Foo f2 = std::move(f1);
将参数传递给构造函数(Bar b(Foo{});
)而不是使用默认参数也可以解决问题。