* str = c给我一个分段错误

时间:2013-10-25 22:26:19

标签: c segmentation-fault

我正在编写一个函数normalize,它准备一个字符串进行处理。这是代码:

/* The normalize procedure examines a character array of size len 
 in ONE PASS and does the following:
 1) turns all upper-case letters into lower-case ones
 2) turns any white-space character into a space character and, 
 shrinks any n>1 consecutive spaces into exactly 1 space only
 3) removes all initial and final white-space characters

 Hint: use the C library function isspace() 
 You must do the normalization IN PLACE so that when the procedure
 returns, the character array buf contains the normalized string and 
 the return value is the length of the normalized string.
  */
 int normalize(char *buf, /* The character array containing the string to be normalized*/
            int len    /* the size of the original character array */)
 {
    /* exit function and return error if buf or len are invalid values */
if (buf == NULL || len <= 0)
  return -1; 

char *str = buf; 
char prev, temp; 
len = 0; 

/* skip over white space at the beginning */
while (isspace(*buf))
  buf++; 


/* process characters and update str until end of buf */
while (*buf != '\0') {
  printf("processing %c, buf = %p, str = %p \n", *buf, buf, str); 

  /* str might point to same location as buf, so save previous value in case str ends up changing buf */
  temp = *buf; 

  /* if character is whitespace and last char wasn't, then add a space to the result string */
  if (isspace(*buf) && !isspace(prev)) {
    *str++ = ' '; 
    len++; 
  } 

  /* if character is NOT whitespace, then add its lowercase form to the result string */
  else if (!isspace(*buf)) {
    *str++ = tolower(*buf); 
    len++; 
  }

  /* update previous char and increment buf to point to next character */
  prev = temp; 
  buf++; 
}


/* if last character was a whitespace, then get rid of the trailing whitespace */ 
if (len > 0 && isspace(*(str-1))) {
  str--; 
  len--; 
}

/* append NULL character to terminate result string and return length */
*str = '\0'; 
return len;

}

但是,我遇到了分段错误。我已将问题缩小到这条线:

*str++ = *buf;

更具体地说,如果我尝试使用str并为其指定一个新的char值(例如:*str = c),程序将崩溃。但是str在开始时初始化为buf所以我不知道为什么会发生这种情况。

* 编辑:这就是我调用函数的方式:* char *p = "string goes here"; normalize(p, strlen(p));

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

p被声明为p时,您无法使用char *p = "Some string";调用您的函数,因为p是一个初始化为字符串常量的指针。这意味着您无法修改p的内容,并且尝试这样做会导致未定义的行为(这是segfault的原因)。但是,您当然可以将p指向其他位置,即可写字符序列。

或者,您可以将p声明为字符数组。您可以像使用指针声明一样初始化它,但是数组声明使字符串可写:

char p[] = "Some string";
normalize(p, strlen(p));

请记住,数组不是可修改的l值,因此您无法分配到p,但您可以更改p[i]中的内容,这就是您想要的内容。

除此之外,请注意您的代码在第一次循环迭代中使用带有垃圾值的prev,因为您从未初始化它。因为您只使用prev来测试它是否是空格,所以更好的方法是使用标记prev_is_space,而不是显式存储前一个字符。这样可以很容易地启动循环,只需要将prev_is_space初始化为0,或者如果有前导空格,则为1(这实际上取决于您希望函数的行为方式)。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

在isspace(prev)中使用它之前,我没有看到你初始化prev的位置。