Question

我对如何通过java向web服务发出请求感到困惑。

目前我唯一理解的是webservices使用xml结构化消息，但我仍然不太明白如何构建我的请求。

<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <getProductDetails xmlns="http://magazzino.example.com/ws">
      <productId>827635</productId>
    </getProductDetails>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

基本上我要向Web服务发送2个参数，作为回报，我希望有两个其他参数。

我想有些罐子可以完成大部分工作，但我没有找到任何在线工作。有人可以解释一下基础吗？

Answer 1

SOAP请求是一个XML文件，由您发送到服务器的参数组成。

SOAP响应同样是一个XML文件，但现在包含了服务希望为您提供的所有内容。

基本上，WSDL是一个XML文件，它解释了这两个XML的结构。

要在Java中实现简单的SOAP客户端，您可以使用SAAJ框架（它随JSE 1.6及更高版本一起提供）：

SOAP with Attachments API for Java（SAAJ）主要用于直接处理在任何Web Service API的幕后发生的SOAP请求/响应消息。它允许开发人员直接发送和接收soap消息，而不是使用JAX-WS。

使用SAAJ查看SOAP Web服务调用的工作示例（运行它！）。它调用this web service。

import javax.xml.soap.*;

public class SOAPClientSAAJ {

    // SAAJ - SOAP Client Testing
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        /*
            The example below requests from the Web Service at:
             http://www.webservicex.net/uszip.asmx?op=GetInfoByCity


            To call other WS, change the parameters below, which are:
             - the SOAP Endpoint URL (that is, where the service is responding from)
             - the SOAP Action

            Also change the contents of the method createSoapEnvelope() in this class. It constructs
             the inner part of the SOAP envelope that is actually sent.
         */
        String soapEndpointUrl = "http://www.webservicex.net/uszip.asmx";
        String soapAction = "http://www.webserviceX.NET/GetInfoByCity";

        callSoapWebService(soapEndpointUrl, soapAction);
    }

    private static void createSoapEnvelope(SOAPMessage soapMessage) throws SOAPException {
        SOAPPart soapPart = soapMessage.getSOAPPart();

        String myNamespace = "myNamespace";
        String myNamespaceURI = "http://www.webserviceX.NET";

        // SOAP Envelope
        SOAPEnvelope envelope = soapPart.getEnvelope();
        envelope.addNamespaceDeclaration(myNamespace, myNamespaceURI);

            /*
            Constructed SOAP Request Message:
            <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:myNamespace="http://www.webserviceX.NET">
                <SOAP-ENV:Header/>
                <SOAP-ENV:Body>
                    <myNamespace:GetInfoByCity>
                        <myNamespace:USCity>New York</myNamespace:USCity>
                    </myNamespace:GetInfoByCity>
                </SOAP-ENV:Body>
            </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
            */

        // SOAP Body
        SOAPBody soapBody = envelope.getBody();
        SOAPElement soapBodyElem = soapBody.addChildElement("GetInfoByCity", myNamespace);
        SOAPElement soapBodyElem1 = soapBodyElem.addChildElement("USCity", myNamespace);
        soapBodyElem1.addTextNode("New York");
    }

    private static void callSoapWebService(String soapEndpointUrl, String soapAction) {
        try {
            // Create SOAP Connection
            SOAPConnectionFactory soapConnectionFactory = SOAPConnectionFactory.newInstance();
            SOAPConnection soapConnection = soapConnectionFactory.createConnection();

            // Send SOAP Message to SOAP Server
            SOAPMessage soapResponse = soapConnection.call(createSOAPRequest(soapAction), soapEndpointUrl);

            // Print the SOAP Response
            System.out.println("Response SOAP Message:");
            soapResponse.writeTo(System.out);
            System.out.println();

            soapConnection.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("\nError occurred while sending SOAP Request to Server!\nMake sure you have the correct endpoint URL and SOAPAction!\n");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static SOAPMessage createSOAPRequest(String soapAction) throws Exception {
        MessageFactory messageFactory = MessageFactory.newInstance();
        SOAPMessage soapMessage = messageFactory.createMessage();

        createSoapEnvelope(soapMessage);

        MimeHeaders headers = soapMessage.getMimeHeaders();
        headers.addHeader("SOAPAction", soapAction);

        soapMessage.saveChanges();

        /* Print the request message, just for debugging purposes */
        System.out.println("Request SOAP Message:");
        soapMessage.writeTo(System.out);
        System.out.println("\n");

        return soapMessage;
    }

}

Answer 2

当WSDL可用时，您只需要遵循两个步骤来调用该Web服务。

第1步：从WSDL2Java工具

生成客户端来源

步骤2：使用以下方式调用操作：

YourService service = new YourServiceLocator();
Stub stub = service.getYourStub();
stub.operation();

如果再往前看，您会注意到Stub类用于调用远程位置部署的服务作为Web服务。在调用它时，您的客户端实际上会生成SOAP请求并进行通信。类似地，Web服务将响应作为SOAP发送。在Wireshark之类的工具的帮助下，您可以查看交换的SOAP消息。

但是，由于您已经请求了有关基础知识的更多说明，我建议您参考here并与其客户编写Web服务以进一步了解。

Answer 3

我遇到了其他类似的问题here。以上两个答案都是完美的，但是这里尝试为正在寻找SOAP1.1而不是SOAP1.2的人添加其他信息。

只需更改@acdcjunior提供的一行代码，使用SOAPMessageFactory1_1Impl实现，它将名称空间更改为xmlns：soap =“ http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/”，即SOAP1 .1实施。

将callSoapWebService方法的第一行更改为以下一行。

SOAPMessage soapMessage = SOAPMessageFactory1_1Impl.newInstance().createMessage();

希望对其他人有帮助。

Answer 4

如果您有 WSDL，您可以使用该 WSDL 文件在 SoapUI 中创建一个新的 soap 请求。
它会自动为输入请求生成 Structure/XML。

如果您有来自 SoapUI 的输入请求 xml，这里是一些可用于调用 Soap 服务的简单 Java 代码版本：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class SimpleSoapClient {

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        
    String address="Hyderabad";

    /* place your xml request from soap ui below with necessary changes in parameters*/
    
    String xml="<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:ws=\"http://www.YourUrlAsPerWsdl.com/\">\r\n" + 
                 "   <soapenv:Header/>\r\n" + 
                 "   <soapenv:Body>\r\n" + 
                 "      <ws:callRest>\r\n" + 
                 "         <name>"+"Hello"+"</name>\r\n" + 
                 "         <address>"+address+"</address>\r\n" + 
                 "      </ws:callRest>\r\n" + 
                 "   </soapenv:Body>\r\n" + 
                 "</soapenv:Envelope>";
            String responseF=callSoapService(xml);
            System.out.println(responseF);
    }
    

}

static String callSoapService(String soapRequest) {
    try {
     String url = "https://gogle.com/service/hello"; // replace your URL here
     URL obj = new URL(url);
     HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
     
     // change these values as per soapui request on top left of request, click on RAW, you will find all the headers
     con.setRequestMethod("POST");
     con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8"); 
     con.setDoOutput(true);
     DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
     wr.writeBytes(soapRequest);
     wr.flush();
     wr.close();
     String responseStatus = con.getResponseMessage();
     System.out.println(responseStatus);
     BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
     con.getInputStream()));
     String inputLine;
     StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();
     while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
         response.append(inputLine);
     }
     in.close();
     
     // You can play with response which is available as string now:
     String finalvalue= response.toString();
     
     // or you can parse/substring the required tag from response as below based your response code
     finalvalue= finalvalue.substring(finalvalue.indexOf("<response>")+10,finalvalue.indexOf("</response>")); */
     
     return finalvalue;
     } 
    catch (Exception e) {
        return e.getMessage();
    }   
}

}

使用java对Web Service的SOAP请求

4 个答案: