Question

我想在Java中使用JDBC中的INSERT数据库（在我的情况下是Microsoft SQL Server）中的记录。同时，我想获取插入ID。如何使用JDBC API实现此目的？

Answer 1

如果是自动生成的密钥，则可以使用Statement#getGeneratedKeys()。您需要在与Statement使用的INSERT相同的public void create(User user) throws SQLException { try ( Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection(); PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(SQL_INSERT, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS); ) { statement.setString(1, user.getName()); statement.setString(2, user.getPassword()); statement.setString(3, user.getEmail()); // ... int affectedRows = statement.executeUpdate(); if (affectedRows == 0) { throw new SQLException("Creating user failed, no rows affected."); } try (ResultSet generatedKeys = statement.getGeneratedKeys()) { if (generatedKeys.next()) { user.setId(generatedKeys.getLong(1)); } else { throw new SQLException("Creating user failed, no ID obtained."); } } } }上调用它。您首先需要使用Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS创建语句，以通知JDBC驱动程序返回密钥。

这是一个基本的例子：

CallableStatement

请注意，您是否依赖JDBC驱动程序来确定它是否有效。目前，大多数最新版本都可以使用，但如果我是正确的，Oracle JDBC驱动程序仍然有点麻烦。 MySQL和DB2已经支持它多年了。不久前PostgreSQL开始支持它。我无法评论MSSQL，因为我从未使用它。

对于Oracle，您可以在RETURNING之后直接调用SELECT CURRVAL(sequencename) INSERT子句或{{1}}（或任何特定于DB的语法）。获取最后生成的密钥的相同事务。另请参阅this answer。

Answer 2

创建生成列
```
String generatedColumns[] = { "ID" };
```

将此生成的列传递给您的陈述

PreparedStatement stmtInsert = conn.prepareStatement(insertSQL, generatedColumns);

使用ResultSet对象获取Statement

上的GeneratedKeys

ResultSet rs = stmtInsert.getGeneratedKeys();

if (rs.next()) {
    long id = rs.getLong(1);
    System.out.println("Inserted ID -" + id); // display inserted record
}

Answer 3

我从单线程基于JDBC的应用程序访问Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2并在不使用RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS属性或任何PreparedStatement的情况下撤回最后一个ID。看起来像这样：

private int insertQueryReturnInt(String SQLQy) {
    ResultSet generatedKeys = null;
    int generatedKey = -1;

    try {
        Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
        statement.execute(SQLQy);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        errorDescription = "Failed to insert SQL query: " + SQLQy + "( " + e.toString() + ")";
        return -1;
    }

    try {
        generatedKey = Integer.parseInt(readOneValue("SELECT @@IDENTITY"));
    } catch (Exception e) {
        errorDescription = "Failed to get ID of just-inserted SQL query: " + SQLQy + "( " + e.toString() + ")";
        return -1;
    }

    return generatedKey;
}

这篇博客文章很好地隔离了三个主要的SQL Server“最后ID”选项： http://msjawahar.wordpress.com/2008/01/25/how-to-find-the-last-identity-value-inserted-in-the-sql-server/ - 尚未需要其他两个。

Answer 4

根据＆＃39;不支持的功能＆＃39;使用Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS时出错，请尝试以下操作：

    String[] returnId = { "BATCHID" };
    String sql = "INSERT INTO BATCH (BATCHNAME) VALUES ('aaaaaaa')";
    PreparedStatement statement = connection
            .prepareStatement(sql, returnId);
    int affectedRows = statement.executeUpdate();

    if (affectedRows == 0) {
        throw new SQLException("Creating user failed, no rows affected.");
    }

    try (ResultSet rs = statement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
        if (rs.next()) {
            System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));
        }
        rs.close();

    }

BRANCHID是自动生成的ID

Answer 5

我正在使用 SQLServer 2008，但我有一个开发限制：我不能使用新的驱动程序，我必须使用“com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver”（我不能使用“com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver”）。

这就是解决方案conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS)为我提出 java.lang.AbstractMethodError 的原因。在这种情况下，我发现的一个可能的解决方案是微软建议的旧解决方案： How To Retrieve @@IDENTITY Value Using JDBC

import java.sql.*; 
import java.io.*; 

public class IdentitySample
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        try
        {
            String URL = "jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://yourServer:1433;databasename=pubs";
            String userName = "yourUser";
            String password = "yourPassword";

            System.out.println( "Trying to connect to: " + URL); 

            //Register JDBC Driver
            Class.forName("com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver").newInstance();

            //Connect to SQL Server
            Connection con = null;
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL,userName,password);
            System.out.println("Successfully connected to server"); 

            //Create statement and Execute using either a stored procecure or batch statement
            CallableStatement callstmt = null;

            callstmt = con.prepareCall("INSERT INTO myIdentTable (col2) VALUES (?);SELECT @@IDENTITY");
            callstmt.setString(1, "testInputBatch");
            System.out.println("Batch statement successfully executed"); 
            callstmt.execute();

            int iUpdCount = callstmt.getUpdateCount();
            boolean bMoreResults = true;
            ResultSet rs = null;
            int myIdentVal = -1; //to store the @@IDENTITY

            //While there are still more results or update counts
            //available, continue processing resultsets
            while (bMoreResults || iUpdCount!=-1)
            {           
                //NOTE: in order for output parameters to be available,
                //all resultsets must be processed

                rs = callstmt.getResultSet();                   

                //if rs is not null, we know we can get the results from the SELECT @@IDENTITY
                if (rs != null)
                {
                    rs.next();
                    myIdentVal = rs.getInt(1);
                }                   

                //Do something with the results here (not shown)

                //get the next resultset, if there is one
                //this call also implicitly closes the previously obtained ResultSet
                bMoreResults = callstmt.getMoreResults();
                iUpdCount = callstmt.getUpdateCount();
            }

            System.out.println( "@@IDENTITY is: " + myIdentVal);        

            //Close statement and connection 
            callstmt.close();
            con.close();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

        try
        {
            System.out.println("Press any key to quit...");
            System.in.read();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
        }
    }
}

这个解决方案对我有用！

我希望这有帮助！

Answer 6

您可以使用以下Java代码获取新插入的ID。

                ps = con.prepareStatement(query, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                ps.setInt(1, quizid);
                ps.setInt(2, userid);
                ps.executeUpdate();

                ResultSet rs = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
                if (rs.next()) {
                    lastInsertId = rs.getInt(1);
                }

Answer 7

而不是comment，我只想回答帖子。

界面 java.sql.PreparedStatement

columnIndexes «您可以使用接受columnIndexes和SQL语句的prepareStatement函数。 其中columnIndexes允许的常量标志是Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS 1或Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS [2]，SQL语句可能包含一个或多个'？' IN参数占位符。

语法«
```
Connection.prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys)
Connection.prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes)
```
示例：
```
PreparedStatement pstmt = 
    conn.prepareStatement( insertSQL, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS );
```

columnNames «列出像'id', 'uniqueID', ...这样的columnNames。在目标表中包含应返回的自动生成的键。如果SQL语句不是INSERT语句，则驱动程序将忽略它们。

语法«
```
Connection.prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames)
```
示例：
```
String columnNames[] = new String[] { "id" };
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement( insertSQL, columnNames );
```

完整示例：

public static void insertAutoIncrement_SQL(String UserName, String Language, String Message) {
    String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", DB_User = "root", DB_Password = "";

    String insertSQL = "INSERT INTO `unicodeinfo`( `UserName`, `Language`, `Message`) VALUES (?,?,?)";
            //"INSERT INTO `unicodeinfo`(`id`, `UserName`, `Language`, `Message`) VALUES (?,?,?,?)";
    int primkey = 0 ;
    try {
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, DB_User, DB_Password);

        String columnNames[] = new String[] { "id" };

        PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement( insertSQL, columnNames );
        pstmt.setString(1, UserName );
        pstmt.setString(2, Language );
        pstmt.setString(3, Message );

        if (pstmt.executeUpdate() > 0) {
            // Retrieves any auto-generated keys created as a result of executing this Statement object
            java.sql.ResultSet generatedKeys = pstmt.getGeneratedKeys();
            if ( generatedKeys.next() ) {
                primkey = generatedKeys.getInt(1);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Record updated with id = "+primkey);
    } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

Answer 8

使用Hibernate的NativeQuery，您需要返回ResultList而不是SingleResult，因为Hibernate会修改本机查询

INSERT INTO bla (a,b) VALUES (2,3) RETURNING id

像

INSERT INTO bla (a,b) VALUES (2,3) RETURNING id LIMIT 1

如果您尝试获得单个结果，这会导致大多数数据库（至少PostgreSQL）抛出语法错误。之后，您可以从列表中获取结果ID（通常只包含一个项目）。

Answer 9

也可以将其与普通Statement一起使用（不只是PreparedStatement）

Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
int updateCount = statement.executeUpdate("insert into x...)", Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
try (ResultSet generatedKeys = statement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
  if (generatedKeys.next()) {
    return generatedKeys.getLong(1);
  }
  else {
    throw new SQLException("Creating failed, no ID obtained.");
  }
}

Answer 10

就我而言->

29-08-2018

Answer 11

如果使用的是Spring JDBC，则可以使用Spring的GeneratedKeyHolder类获取插入的ID。

查看此答案... How to get inserted id using Spring Jdbctemplate.update(String sql, obj...args)

Answer 12

Connection cn = DriverManager.getConnection("Host","user","pass");
Statement st = cn.createStatement("Ur Requet Sql");
int ret  = st.execute();

如何在JDBC中获取插入ID？

12 个答案: