当我在rake db:seed应用中运行Rails时，我收到此错误：
US-ASCII中的无效字节序列（参数错误）
我刚刚将science_majors添加到我的种子文件中，现在当我运行rake db:seed时，它给了我这个错误：
无效的字节序列错误
为什么会这样，我该如何解决？
seeds.rb
的一部分@college = College.find_or_create_by_name!('University of Pittsburgh')
if @college.update_attributes(
url: 'university-of-pittsburgh',
public: 'Public',
years: '4-year',
category: 'National University',
calendar: 'Semester',
location: 'Pittsburgh, PA',
setting: 'Large City (250-500k)',
retention: '90',
majors: 'business/marketing: 15%|social sciences: 14%|health professions: 11%|english: 10%|engineering: 9%|psychology: 8%|biology: 7%|history: 5%',
scholarships_link: 'http://www.oafa.pitt.edu/universityschlrs.aspx',
map: '<iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=university+of+pittsburgh&aq=&sll=40.444261,-79.970448&sspn=0.142165,0.251656&ie=UTF8&hq=university+of+pittsburgh&t=m&ll=40.443486,-79.958245&spn=0.010798,0.021038&output=embed"></iframe><br /><small><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=university+of+pittsburgh&aq=&sll=40.431368,-79.9805&sspn=0.142165,0.251656&ie=UTF8&hq=university+of+pittsburgh&t=m&ll=40.443486,-79.958245&spn=0.010798,0.021038" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left">View Larger Map</a></small>',
street_view: '<iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&aq=0&oq=uni&sll=40.444261,-79.970448&sspn=0.142165,0.251656&ie=UTF8&hq=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&ll=40.443486,-79.958245&spn=0.010798,0.021038&t=m&layer=c&cbll=40.441775,-79.956671&panoid=BgWQKMiSI1fpwP7JUF16Vg&cbp=12,45.25,,0,-3.34&output=svembed"></iframe><br /><small><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&aq=0&oq=uni&sll=40.431368,-79.9805&sspn=0.142165,0.251656&ie=UTF8&hq=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&ll=40.443486,-79.958245&spn=0.010798,0.021038&t=m&layer=c&cbll=40.441775,-79.956671&panoid=BgWQKMiSI1fpwP7JUF16Vg&cbp=12,45.25,,0,-3.34" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left">View Larger Map</a></small>',
housing: '<iframe src="http://www.tour.pitt.edu/tour-categories/residence-halls" scrolling="no" height="820" width="900"></iframe>',
food: '<div style="overflow: hidden; max-width: 1000px;"><iframe scrolling="no" src="http://www.pc.pitt.edu/dining/menus.php" style="margin-left: 0; height: 2000px; margin-top: -370px; margin-bottom: -375px; width: 750px;"></iframe></div>',
weather: '<div style="overflow: hidden; max-width: 500px;"><iframe scrolling="no" src="http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA1290" style="margin-left: -40px; height: 1570px; margin-top: -490px; width: 500px;"></iframe></div>',
dorms: 'Towers (fr.)|Sutherland (fr.)|Lothrop (fr.)|Nordenberg (fr.)|Holland (fr.)|Forbes (fr.; honors)|McCormick|Brackenridge|Amos|Bruce|Panther|Pennsylvania|Ruskin|Bouquet Gardens|Oakwood Apartments|Centre-Plaza Apartments|Forbes-Craig Apartments (honors)',
science_majors: 'Actuarial Mathematics|Applied Mathematics|Bioinformatics|Biological Sciences|Chemistry*|Computer Science|Ecology and Evolution|Environmental Geology|Environmental Studies|Geology|History and Philosophy of Science|Linguistics*|Mathematics*|Mathematics-Economics|Mathematics-Philosophy|Microbiology|Molecular Biology|Natural Sciences Area|Neuroscience*|Physics*|Physics and Astronomy|Scientific Computing|Statistics',
social_science_majors: 'Economics*|Economics–Statistics|History*|Political Science*|Politics-Philosophy|Psychology|Sociology*|Urban Studies',
humanities_majors: 'Africana Studies*|Africana Studies–English|Anthropology|Chinese*|Classics*|English Literature*|English Writing|Film Studies*|French*|German|History of Art & Architecture|Humanities Area|Italian*|Italian Studies|Japanese*|Liberal Studies|Music*|Philosophy*|Religious Studies*|Russian|Slavic Studies|Spanish|Studio Arts*|Theatre Arts*',
business_majors: 'Accounting|Finance|General Management|Global Management|Marketing',
engineering_majors: 'Bioengineering*|Chemical Engineering*|Civil Engineering*|Computer Engineering|Electrical Engineering*|Engineering Physics|Industrial Engineering*|Materials Science and Engineering*|Mechanical Engineering*',
professional_majors: 'Administration of Justice*|Applied Developmental Psychology|Architectural Studies|Athletic Training|Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition|Communication: Rhet & Comm|Communication Science|Dental Hygiene|Emergency Medicine|Health Information Management|Health Services|Health and Physical Activity|Information Science|Legal Studies*|Media and Professional Communications|Nursing|Pharmacy|Public Service*|Rehabilitation Science|Social Work*'
)
else
# handle validation errors
end
@college= College.find_or_create_by_name!('Harvard')
if @college.update_attributes(
url: 'harvard',
public: 'Private',
years: '4-year',
category: 'National University',
calendar: 'Semester',
location: 'Cambridge, MA',
setting: 'Small City (50-250k)',
degrees: 'Bachelors, Masters, Doctoral',
rotc: 'Air Force, Army, Navy',
considered: 'Academic GPA|Alumni Relation|Application Essay|Character/Personal Qualities|Extracurricular Activities|First Generation College Student|Geographical Residence|Interview|Racial/Ethnic Status|Recommendations|Rigor of secondary school record|Standardized Test Scores|Talent/Ability|Volunteer Work|Work Experience',
student_faculty: '7 to 1')
else
# handle validation errors
end
我遗漏了所有其他学院。到目前为止，我有200所学校，但到目前为止，Pitt是唯一拥有全面数据的学校。其余的只有基本数据，如哈佛。为了简洁起见，我也遗漏了皮特的一些数据，但是如果你想让我把其余部分包括在内，请告诉我。
修改：我尝试在*中取出science_majors，然后运行rake db:seed，但这并没有改变任何内容。
答案 0 :(得分：161)
您收到编码错误，因为您的文件系统未配置为对您添加的日期进行编码（因为可能包含新字符 - 可能在您的HTML实体编码的地图网址中 - 您之前不存在数据种子）。
以下内容将通过在您的计算机上设置UTF-8语言环境来解决此错误：
# from your command line
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
bundle
设置系统区域设置的好处是所有宝石（前进）都将使用UTF-8编码进行捆绑。
编辑：
或者，如果您不想更改系统编码，可以通过在Gemfile中指定编码标准来设置项目范围内的编码：
if RUBY_VERSION =~ /1.9/ # assuming you're running Ruby ~1.9
Encoding.default_external = Encoding::UTF_8
Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::UTF_8
end
答案 1 :(得分：61)
添加
#encoding: utf-8
位于文件顶部
答案 2 :(得分：32)
你也可以尝试var http = require('http');
var s = http.createServer();
s.on('request', function(request, response) {
response.writeHead(200);
console.log('a: '+request.method);
console.log('b: '+request.headers);
console.log('c: '+request.url);
});
s.listen(8080);
如GH thread
答案 3 :(得分：12)
如果您在ruby docker容器中遇到此问题，可以设置LANG=C.UTF-8：
docker run -it --rm -e LANG=C.UTF-8 ruby ...
答案 4 :(得分：7)
与其他建议一样，我将#encoding: utf-8添加到我的（在本例中为seed.rb）文件的顶部，但仍然无法使rake任务起作用。
有趣的是，一位朋友建议我从种子文件的顶部删除附加的rails生成的注释，以便只剩下#encoding: utf-8。
你知道什么 - 它有效。
答案 5 :(得分：1)
您的种子文件中存在无效字符，在我的情况下，将单引号从“更改为”计算出来。