我一直在尝试使用模板为我的avr gcc项目编写一个makefile。这是我第一次写一个（到目前为止我刚刚使用AVR Studio 4中的默认内置makefile）
当我尝试编译时，我遇到了错误
make: Circular Makefile.out <- Makefile dependency dropped.
make: Circular all.out <- all dependency dropped.
avr-gcc -I. -g -mmcu=atmega8 -Os -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char -Wall -std=gnu99 -DF_CPU=8000000 -Wa,-ahlms=../8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY.lst -c ../8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY.c -o ../8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY.o
avr-gcc -Wl,-Map,8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY .out .map -mmcu=atmega8 -lm -o 8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY .out ../8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY.o
avr-gcc: .out: No such file or directory
avr-gcc: .map: No such file or directory
avr-gcc: .out: No such file or directory
这是我的makefile
######### AVR Project Makefile Template #########
###### ######
###### Copyright (C) 2003-2005,Pat Deegan, ######
###### Psychogenic Inc ######
###### All Rights Reserved ######
###### ######
###### You are free to use this code as part ######
###### of your own applications provided ######
###### you keep this copyright notice intact ######
###### and acknowledge its authorship with ######
###### the words: ######
###### ######
###### "Contains software by Pat Deegan of ######
###### Psychogenic Inc (www.psychogenic.com)" ######
###### ######
###### If you use it as part of a web site ######
###### please include a link to our site, ######
###### http://electrons.psychogenic.com or ######
###### http://www.psychogenic.com ######
###### ######
####################################################
##### This Makefile will make compiling Atmel AVR
##### micro controller projects simple with Linux
##### or other Unix workstations and the AVR-GCC
##### tools.
#####
##### It supports C, C++ and Assembly source files.
#####
##### Customize the values as indicated below and :
##### make
##### make disasm
##### make stats
##### make hex
##### make writeflash
##### make gdbinit
##### or make clean
#####
##### See the http://electrons.psychogenic.com/
##### website for detailed instructions
####################################################
##### #####
##### Configuration #####
##### #####
##### Customize the values in this section for #####
##### your project. MCU, PROJECTNAME and #####
##### PRJSRC must be setup for all projects, #####
##### the remaining variables are only #####
##### relevant to those needing additional #####
##### include dirs or libraries and those #####
##### who wish to use the avrdude programmer #####
##### #####
##### See http://electrons.psychogenic.com/ #####
##### for further details. #####
##### #####
####################################################
##### Target Specific Details #####
##### Customize these for your project #####
# Name of target controller
# (e.g. 'at90s8515', see the available avr-gcc mmcu
# options for possible values)
MCU=atmega8
# id to use with programmer
# default: PROGRAMMER_MCU=$(MCU)
# In case the programer used, e.g avrdude, doesn't
# accept the same MCU name as avr-gcc (for example
# for ATmega8s, avr-gcc expects 'atmega8' and
# avrdude requires 'm8')
PROGRAMMER_MCU=m8
# Name of our project
# (use a single word, e.g. 'myproject')
PROJECTNAME=8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY
# Source files
# List C/C++/Assembly source files:
# (list all files to compile, e.g. 'a.c b.cpp as.S'):
# Use .cc, .cpp or .C suffix for C++ files, use .S
# (NOT .s !!!) for assembly source code files.
PRJSRC=../8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY.c
# additional includes (e.g. -I/path/to/mydir)
INC=
# libraries to link in (e.g. -lmylib)
LIBS=
# Optimization level,
# use s (size opt), 1, 2, 3 or 0 (off)
OPTLEVEL=s
####################################################
##### Config Done #####
##### #####
##### You shouldn't need to edit anything #####
##### below to use the makefile but may wish #####
##### to override a few of the flags #####
##### nonetheless #####
##### #####
####################################################
##### Flags ####
# HEXFORMAT -- format for .hex file output
HEXFORMAT=ihex
# compiler
CFLAGS=-I. $(INC) -g -mmcu=$(MCU) -O$(OPTLEVEL) \
-fpack-struct -fshort-enums \
-funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char \
-Wall -std=gnu99 -DF_CPU=8000000 \
-Wa,-ahlms=$(firstword \
$(filter %.lst, $(<:.c=.lst)))
# assembler
ASMFLAGS =-I. $(INC) -mmcu=$(MCU) \
-x assembler-with-cpp \
-Wa,-gstabs,-ahlms=$(firstword \
$(<:.S=.lst) $(<.s=.lst))
# linker
LDFLAGS=-Wl,-Map,$(TRG).map -mmcu=$(MCU) \
-lm $(LIBS)
##### executables ####
CC=avr-gcc
OBJCOPY=avr-objcopy
REMOVE=rm -f
##### automatic target names ####
TRG=$(PROJECTNAME).out
HEXROMTRG=$(PROJECTNAME).hex
HEXTRG=$(HEXROMTRG) $(PROJECTNAME).ee.hex
# Define all object files.
# Start by splitting source files by type
# C
CFILES=$(filter %.c, $(PRJSRC))
# Assembly
ASMFILES=$(filter %.S, $(PRJSRC))
# List all object files we need to create
OBJDEPS=$(CFILES:.c=.o) \
$(ASMFILES:.S=.o)
.SUFFIXES : C .o .out .s .S \
.hex .ee.hex .h .hh .hpp
.PHONY: writeflash clean stats gdbinit stats
# Make targets:
# all, disasm, stats, hex, writeflash/install, clean
all: $(TRG)
#disasm: $(DUMPTRG) stats
#stats: $(TRG)
# $(OBJDUMP) -h $(TRG)
# $(SIZE) $(TRG)
hex: $(HEXTRG)
#writeflash: hex
#install: writeflash
#$(DUMPTRG): $(TRG)
# $(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
$(TRG): $(OBJDEPS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TRG) $(OBJDEPS)
#### Generating assembly ####
# asm from C
%.s: %.c
$(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
# asm from (hand coded) asm
%.s: %.S
$(CC) -S $(ASMFLAGS) $< > $@
# asm from C++
#.cpp.s .cc.s .C.s :
# $(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@
#### Generating object files ####
# object from C
.c.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
# object from C++ (.cc, .cpp, .C files)
#.cc.o .cpp.o .C.o :
# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
# object from asm
.S.o :
$(CC) $(ASMFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
#### Generating hex files ####
# hex files from elf
##### Generating a gdb initialisation file #####
.out.hex:
$(OBJCOPY) -j .text \
-j .data \
-O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@
.out.ee.hex:
$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom \
--change-section-lma .eeprom=0 \
-O $(HEXFORMAT) $< $@
#### Cleanup ####
clean:
$(REMOVE) $(TRG) $(TRG).map $(DUMPTRG)
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDEPS)
$(REMOVE) $(LST) $(GDBINITFILE)
$(REMOVE) $(GENASMFILES)
$(REMOVE) $(HEXTRG)
##### EOF #####
我在这里做错了什么帮助？
谢谢！
答案 0 :(得分：2)
PROJECTNAME的定义中有一个尾随空格，因此TRG变量设置为8_8_LED_DOT_MATRIX_DISPLAY .out，并且您的链接命令最终会引用文件.out（和文件.map也是如此，因为TRG的定义中似乎也有一个尾随空格。这是＆＃34;没有这样的文件＆＃34;的罪魁祸首。错误和循环依赖。
循环依赖性错误的原因有点微妙：由于尾随空格，规则
$(TRG) : $(OBJDEPS)
<command>
结果
% : %.out
<command>
由于您的all目标未标记为.PHONY，make在检查是否必须重建all时会考虑此规则。另一方面，.out是内置后缀，make有内置规则
%.out : %
@rm -f $@
cp $< $@
结合上述内容，这会导致all的循环依赖。这同样适用于Makefile，因为make总是尝试重建它处理的每个文件。
tl; dr：删除PROJECTNAME和TRG中的尾随空格。