XML Serialize可序列化对象的通用列表

Question

我是否可以序列化可序列化对象的通用列表，而无需指定其类型。

下面破解代码背后的意图：

List<ISerializable> serializableList = new List<ISerializable>();

XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(serializableList.GetType());

serializableList.Add((ISerializable)PersonList);

using (StreamWriter streamWriter = System.IO.File.CreateText(fileName))
{
    xmlSerializer.Serialize(streamWriter, serializableList);
}

编辑：

对于那些想要了解详细信息的人：当我尝试运行此代码时，它在XMLSerializer [...]行上出错：

无法序列化接口System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable。

如果我更改为List<object>，我会"There was an error generating the XML document."。 InnerException详细信息为"{"The type System.Collections.Generic.List1[[Project1.Person, ConsoleFramework, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]] may not be used in this context."}"

person对象定义如下：

[XmlRoot("Person")]
public class Person
{
    string _firstName = String.Empty;
    string _lastName = String.Empty;

    private Person()
    {
    }

    public Person(string lastName, string firstName)
    {
        _lastName = lastName;
        _firstName = firstName;
    }

    [XmlAttribute(DataType = "string", AttributeName = "LastName")]
    public string LastName
    {
        get { return _lastName; }
        set { _lastName = value; }
    }

    [XmlAttribute(DataType = "string", AttributeName = "FirstName")]
    public string FirstName
    {
        get { return _firstName; }
        set { _firstName = value; }
    }
}

PersonList只是List<Person>。

这只是为了测试，所以不觉得细节太重要了。关键是我有一个或多个不同的对象，所有这些对象都是可序列化的。我想将它们全部序列化为一个文件。我认为最简单的方法是将它们放在通用列表中并一次序列化列表。但这不起作用。

我也试过了List<IXmlSerializable>，但是

失败了

System.Xml.Serialization.IXmlSerializable cannot be serialized because it does not have a parameterless constructor.

很抱歉缺乏细节，但我是初学者，不知道需要什么细节。如果要求更多细节的人试图以一种能让我理解所需细节的方式做出回应，或者概述可能的方向的基本答案，将会很有帮助。

同样感谢到目前为止我得到的两个答案 - 我可以花更多的时间阅读而不会得到这些想法。令人惊讶的是，人们对这个网站的帮助很大。

Answer 1

我有一个通用List＆lt;＆gt;的解决方案使用动态绑定项目。

class PersonalList它是根元素

[XmlRoot("PersonenListe")]
[XmlInclude(typeof(Person))] // include type class Person
public class PersonalList
{
    [XmlArray("PersonenArray")]
    [XmlArrayItem("PersonObjekt")]
    public List<Person> Persons = new List<Person>();

    [XmlElement("Listname")]
    public string Listname { get; set; }

    // Konstruktoren 
    public PersonalList() { }

    public PersonalList(string name)
    {
        this.Listname = name;
    }

    public void AddPerson(Person person)
    {
        Persons.Add(person);
    }
}

class Person它是一个列表元素

[XmlType("Person")] // define Type
[XmlInclude(typeof(SpecialPerson)), XmlInclude(typeof(SuperPerson))]  
        // include type class SpecialPerson and class SuperPerson
public class Person
{
    [XmlAttribute("PersID", DataType = "string")]
    public string ID { get; set; }

    [XmlElement("Name")]
    public string Name { get; set; }

    [XmlElement("City")]
    public string City { get; set; }

    [XmlElement("Age")]
    public int Age { get; set; }

    // Konstruktoren 
    public Person() { }

    public Person(string name, string city, int age, string id)
    {
        this.Name = name;
        this.City = city;
        this.Age = age;
        this.ID = id;
    }
}

类SpecialPerson继承Person

[XmlType("SpecialPerson")] // define Type
public class SpecialPerson : Person
{
    [XmlElement("SpecialInterests")]
    public string Interests { get; set; }

    public SpecialPerson() { }

    public SpecialPerson(string name, string city, int age, string id, string interests)
    {
        this.Name = name;
        this.City = city;
        this.Age = age;
        this.ID = id;
        this.Interests = interests;
    }
}

类SuperPerson继承Person

[XmlType("SuperPerson")] // define Type
public class SuperPerson : Person
{
    [XmlArray("Skills")]
    [XmlArrayItem("Skill")]
    public List<String> Skills { get; set; }

    [XmlElement("Alias")]
    public string Alias { get; set; }

    public SuperPerson() 
    {
        Skills = new List<String>();
    }

    public SuperPerson(string name, string city, int age, string id, string[] skills, string alias)
    {
        Skills = new List<String>();

        this.Name = name;
        this.City = city;
        this.Age = age;
        this.ID = id;
        foreach (string item in skills)
        {
            this.Skills.Add(item);   
        }
        this.Alias = alias;
    }
}

和主要测试来源

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    PersonalList personen = new PersonalList(); 
    personen.Listname = "Friends";

    // normal person
    Person normPerson = new Person();
    normPerson.ID = "0";
    normPerson.Name = "Max Man";
    normPerson.City = "Capitol City";
    normPerson.Age = 33;

    // special person
    SpecialPerson specPerson = new SpecialPerson();
    specPerson.ID = "1";
    specPerson.Name = "Albert Einstein";
    specPerson.City = "Ulm";
    specPerson.Age = 36;
    specPerson.Interests = "Physics";

    // super person
    SuperPerson supPerson = new SuperPerson();
    supPerson.ID = "2";
    supPerson.Name = "Superman";
    supPerson.Alias = "Clark Kent";
    supPerson.City = "Metropolis";
    supPerson.Age = int.MaxValue;
    supPerson.Skills.Add("fly");
    supPerson.Skills.Add("strong");

    // Add Persons
    personen.AddPerson(normPerson);
    personen.AddPerson(specPerson);
    personen.AddPerson(supPerson);

    // Serialize 
    Type[] personTypes = { typeof(Person), typeof(SpecialPerson), typeof(SuperPerson) };
    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(PersonalList), personTypes); 
    FileStream fs = new FileStream("Personenliste.xml", FileMode.Create); 
    serializer.Serialize(fs, personen); 
    fs.Close(); 
    personen = null;

    // Deserialize 
    fs = new FileStream("Personenliste.xml", FileMode.Open); 
    personen = (PersonalList)serializer.Deserialize(fs); 
    serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, personen);
    Console.ReadLine();
}

重要的是不同类型的定义和包含。

Answer 2

请参阅Introducing XML Serialization：

  

可以序列化的项目

     

可以使用 XmlSerializer 序列化以下项目   类：

     

  
• 公共读/写属性和公共类的字段
  
• 实施 ICollection 或 IEnumerable
的类   
• XmlElement 对象
  
• XmlNode 对象
  
• DataSet 对象
  

---

特别是，ISerializable或[Serializable]属性并不重要。

---

现在您已经告诉我们您的问题是什么（“它不起作用”不是问题陈述），您可以获得实际问题的答案，而不是猜测。

当您序列化某个类型的集合，但实际上是序列化派生类型的实例集合时，您需要让序列化程序知道您将实际序列化哪些类型。对object。

的集合也是如此

您需要使用XmlSerializer(Type,Type[])构造函数来提供可能类型的列表。

Answer 3

如果未指定预期类型，则无法序列化对象集合。您必须将预期类型列表传递给XmlSerializer的构造函数（extraTypes参数）：

List<object> list = new List<object>();
list.Add(new Foo());
list.Add(new Bar());

XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(object), new Type[] {typeof(Foo), typeof(Bar)});
using (StreamWriter streamWriter = System.IO.File.CreateText(fileName))
{
    xs.Serialize(streamWriter, list);
}

如果列表中的所有对象都继承自同一个类，您还可以使用XmlInclude属性指定预期类型：

[XmlInclude(typeof(Foo)), XmlInclude(typeof(Bar))]
public class MyBaseClass
{
}

Answer 4

我认为最好使用带泛型参数的方法，如下所示：

public static void SerializeToXml<T>(T obj, string fileName)
{
    using (var fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create))
    { 
        var ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); 
        ser.Serialize(fileStream, obj);
    }
}

public static T DeserializeFromXml<T>(string xml)
{
    T result;
    var ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
    using (var tr = new StringReader(xml))
    {
        result = (T)ser.Deserialize(tr);
    }
    return result;
}

Answer 5

我认为Dreas的方法还可以。然而，另一种方法是使用一些静态辅助方法并在每个方法上实现IXmlSerializable，例如XmlWriter扩展方法和XmlReader读取它。

public static void SaveXmlSerialiableElement<T>(this XmlWriter writer, String elementName, T element) where T : IXmlSerializable
{
   writer.WriteStartElement(elementName);
   writer.WriteAttributeString("TYPE", element.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName);
   element.WriteXml(writer);
   writer.WriteEndElement();
}

public static T ReadXmlSerializableElement<T>(this XmlReader reader, String elementName) where T : IXmlSerializable
{
   reader.ReadToElement(elementName);

   Type elementType = Type.GetType(reader.GetAttribute("TYPE"));
   T element = (T)Activator.CreateInstance(elementType);
   element.ReadXml(reader);
   return element;
}

如果您确实直接使用XmlSerializer类的路线，请尽可能提前创建序列化程序集，因为您可以定期构建新的XmlSerializer，从而大大提高性能。

对于一个集合，你需要这样的东西：

public static void SaveXmlSerialiazbleCollection<T>(this XmlWriter writer, String collectionName, String elementName, IEnumerable<T> items) where T : IXmlSerializable
{
   writer.WriteStartElement(collectionName);
   foreach (T item in items)
   {
      writer.WriteStartElement(elementName);
      writer.WriteAttributeString("TYPE", item.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName);
      item.WriteXml(writer);
      writer.WriteEndElement();
   }
   writer.WriteEndElement();
}

Answer 6

以下是我项目中的Util类：

namespace Utils
{
    public static class SerializeUtil
    {
        public static void SerializeToFormatter<F>(object obj, string path) where F : IFormatter, new()
        {
            if (obj == null)
            {
                throw new NullReferenceException("obj Cannot be Null.");
            }

            if (obj.GetType().IsSerializable == false)
            {
                //  throw new 
            }
            IFormatter f = new F();
            SerializeToFormatter(obj, path, f);
        }

        public static T DeserializeFromFormatter<T, F>(string path) where F : IFormatter, new()
        {
            T t;
            IFormatter f = new F();
            using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(path))
            {
                t = (T)f.Deserialize(fs);
            }
            return t;
        }

        public static void SerializeToXML<T>(string path, object obj)
        {
            XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
            using (FileStream fs = File.Create(path))
            {
                xs.Serialize(fs, obj);
            }
        }

        public static T DeserializeFromXML<T>(string path)
        {
            XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
            using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(path))
            {
                return (T)xs.Deserialize(fs);
            }
        }

        public static T DeserializeFromXml<T>(string xml)
        {
            T result;

            var ser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
            using (var tr = new StringReader(xml))
            {
                result = (T)ser.Deserialize(tr);
            }
            return result;
        }


        private static void SerializeToFormatter(object obj, string path, IFormatter formatter)
        {
            using (FileStream fs = File.Create(path))
            {
                formatter.Serialize(fs, obj);
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 7

最简单的方法，我找到了..将System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArray属性应用于它。

[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArray] //This is the part that makes it work
List<object> serializableList = new List<object>();

XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(serializableList.GetType());

serializableList.Add(PersonList);

using (StreamWriter streamWriter = System.IO.File.CreateText(fileName))
{
    xmlSerializer.Serialize(streamWriter, serializableList);
}

序列化程序将接收它作为一个数组并将列表的项目序列化为子节点。

Answer 8

如果可以更改XML输出要求，则可以始终使用二进制序列化 - 这更适合处理异构对象列表。这是一个例子：

private void SerializeList(List<Object> Targets, string TargetPath)
{
    IFormatter Formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

    using (FileStream OutputStream = System.IO.File.Create(TargetPath))
    {
        try
        {
            Formatter.Serialize(OutputStream, Targets);
        } catch (SerializationException ex) {
            //(Likely Failed to Mark Type as Serializable)
            //...
        }
}

使用原样：

[Serializable]
public class Animal
{
    public string Home { get; set; }
}

[Serializable]
public class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}


public void ExampleUsage() {

    List<Object> SerializeMeBaby = new List<Object> {
        new Animal { Home = "London, UK" },
        new Person { Name = "Skittles" }
    };

    string TargetPath = Path.Combine(
        Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData),
        "Test1.dat");

    SerializeList(SerializeMeBaby, TargetPath);
}