在Prolog中编写谓词

时间:2012-06-27 07:00:17

标签: prolog

我有这些谓词:

          % Signature: student(ID, Name, Town , Age)/4
      % Purpose: student table information

      student(547457339, riki, beerSheva , 21).
      student(567588858, ron, telAviv , 22).
      student(343643636, vered, haifa , 23).
      student(555858587, guy, beerSheva , 24).
      student(769679696, smadar, telAviv , 25).


      % Signature: study(Name, Department , Year)/3
      % Purpose: study table information

      study(riki, computers , a).
      study(ron, mathematics , b).
      study(vered, computers , c).
      study(riki, physics , a).
      study(smadar, mathematics , c).
      study(guy, computers , b).


      % Signature: place(Department ,Building,  Capacity)/3
      % Purpose: place table information

      place(computers , alon , small).
      place(mathematics , markus , big).
      place(chemistry , gorovoy , big).
      place(riki, zonenfeld , medium).

我需要编写谓词noPhysicsNorChemistryStudents(Name , Department , Year , Town)/4: 找到所有不学习物理或化学的学生的名字。 我不知道怎么写。我认为它应该是切割的东西。

          % Signature: noPhysicsNorChemistryStudents(Name , Department , Year , Town)/4

为什么这不是真的? :

  noPhysicsNorChemistryStudents2(Name , Department , Year , Town) :-
  student(_, Name, Town, _), study(Name , Department , Year),
  pred1(Name , physics , Year ) , pred1(Name , chemistry , Year ).

  pred1(N,D ,Y):-  study(N , D , Y ) , ! , fail .

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

Prolog中的

Not 有一个奇怪的语法,目的是突出显示它可能非常与人们期望的不同。如果您有兴趣,请参阅CWA

运算符为\+,从语法上说它是平庸的:只需在目标前加上目标,当你知道目标为false时,获得一个真值,反之亦然。

然后你的作业可以是:

noPhysicsNorChemistryStudents(Name , Department , Year , Town) :-
   student(_, Name, Town, _),
   \+ ( AnyCondition ).

看看你是否可以设计AnyCondition公式,肯定会使用study(名称,部门,年份)。您可以应用布尔代数进行分解:

(不是A)和(不是B)=不是(A或B)

在CWA下

编辑,我们可以使用否定作为失败。这就是Prolog实现的方式\ +

\+ G :- call(G), !, fail.

添加到正确的

\+ G.

现在应该清楚,如果带有\ +允许的谓词就像

noPhysicsNorChemistryStudents(Name, Department, Year, Town) :-
  student(_, Name, Town, _),
  study(Name, Department, Year),
  \+ (study(Name, physics, _) ; study(Name, chemistry, _)).

我们可以写

noPhysicsNorChemistry(Name) :-
  ( study(Name, physics, _) ; study(Name, chemistry, _) ), !, fail.
noPhysicsNorChemistry(_).

noPhysicsNorChemistryStudents(Name, Department, Year, Town) :-
  student(_, Name, Town, _),
  study(Name, Department, Year),
  noPhysicsNorChemistry(Name).