Question

我有很多需要用XML传播的HTML文件。我们使用这些HTML为应用程序提供内容，但现在我们必须将这些内容作为XML提供。

HTML文件包含，表格，div，图像，p，b或强标签等。

我用Google搜索并找到了一些应用程序，但我还是无法实现。

您能否建议一种将这些文件内容转换为XML的方法？

Answer 1

我确实找到了将（甚至是坏的）html转换为格式良好的XML的方法。我开始基于DOM loadHTML函数。然而，在几个问题发生时，我优化并添加补丁以纠正副作用。

  function tryToXml($dom,$content) {
    if(!$content) return false;

    // xml well formed content can be loaded as xml node tree
    $fragment = $dom->createDocumentFragment();
    // wonderfull appendXML to add an XML string directly into the node tree!

    // aappendxml will fail on a xml declaration so manually skip this when occurred
    if( substr( $content,0, 5) == '<?xml' ) {
      $content = substr($content,strpos($content,'>')+1);
      if( strpos($content,'<') ) {
        $content = substr($content,strpos($content,'<'));
      }
    }

    // if appendXML is not working then use below htmlToXml() for nasty html correction
    if(!@$fragment->appendXML( $content )) {
      return $this->htmlToXml($dom,$content);
    }

    return $fragment;
  }



  // convert content into xml
  // dom is only needed to prepare the xml which will be returned
  function htmlToXml($dom, $content, $needEncoding=false, $bodyOnly=true) {

    // no xml when html is empty
    if(!$content) return false;

    // real content and possibly it needs encoding
    if( $needEncoding ) {
      // no need to convert character encoding as loadHTML will respect the content-type (only)
      $content =  '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset='.$this->encoding.'">' . $content;
    }

    // return a dom from the content
    $domInject = new DOMDocument("1.0", "UTF-8");
    $domInject->preserveWhiteSpace = false;
    $domInject->formatOutput = true;

    // html type
    try {
      @$domInject->loadHTML( $content );
    } catch(Exception $e){
      // do nothing and continue as it's normal that warnings will occur on nasty HTML content
    }
        // to check encoding: echo $dom->encoding
        $this->reworkDom( $domInject );

    if( $bodyOnly ) {
      $fragment = $dom->createDocumentFragment();

      // retrieve nodes within /html/body
      foreach( $domInject->documentElement->childNodes as $elementLevel1 ) {
       if( $elementLevel1->nodeName == 'body' and $elementLevel1->nodeType == XML_ELEMENT_NODE ) {
         foreach( $elementLevel1->childNodes as $elementInject ) {
           $fragment->insertBefore( $dom->importNode($elementInject, true) );
         }
        }
      }
    } else {
      $fragment = $dom->importNode($domInject->documentElement, true);
    }

    return $fragment;
  }



    protected function reworkDom( $node, $level = 0 ) {

        // start with the first child node to iterate
        $nodeChild = $node->firstChild;

        while ( $nodeChild )  {
            $nodeNextChild = $nodeChild->nextSibling;

            switch ( $nodeChild->nodeType ) {
                case XML_ELEMENT_NODE:
                    // iterate through children element nodes
                    $this->reworkDom( $nodeChild, $level + 1);
                    break;
                case XML_TEXT_NODE:
                case XML_CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
                    // do nothing with text, cdata
                    break;
                case XML_COMMENT_NODE:
                    // ensure comments to remove - sign also follows the w3c guideline
                    $nodeChild->nodeValue = str_replace("-","_",$nodeChild->nodeValue);
                    break;
                case XML_DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:  // 10: needs to be removed
                case XML_PI_NODE: // 7: remove PI
                    $node->removeChild( $nodeChild );
                    $nodeChild = null; // make null to test later
                    break;
                case XML_DOCUMENT_NODE:
                    // should not appear as it's always the root, just to be complete
                    // however generate exception!
                case XML_HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE:
                    // should not appear as it's always the root, just to be complete
                    // however generate exception!
                default:
                    throw new exception("Engine: reworkDom type not declared [".$nodeChild->nodeType. "]");
            }
            $nodeChild = $nodeNextChild;
        } ;
    }

现在这也允许将更多html片段添加到我需要自己使用的XML中。一般来说，它可以像这样使用：

        $c='<p>test<font>two</p>';
    $dom=new DOMDocument('1.0', 'UTF-8');

$n=$dom->appendChild($dom->createElement('info')); // make a root element

if( $valueXml=tryToXml($dom,$c) ) {
  $n->appendChild($valueXml);
}
    echo '<pre/>'. htmlentities($dom->saveXml($n)). '</pre>';

在这个示例中，'testtwo'很好地在格式良好的XML中输出为“<info>testtwo</info>”。添加了info根标记，因为它还允许转换不是XML的“onetwo”，因为它没有一个根元素。但是，如果html确实有一个根元素，则可以跳过额外的根<info>标记。

有了这个，我从非结构化甚至已损坏的HTML中获得了真正优秀的XML！

我希望它有点清晰，并可能有助于其他人使用它。

Answer 2

请记住，HTML和XML是标记语言树中的两个不同概念。你不能完全replace HTML with XML。 XML可以被视为HTML的一般形式，但即便如此也是不精确的。您主要使用HTML来显示数据，使用XML来传输（或存储）数据。

此链接很有用：How to read HTML as XML?

More here - difference between HTML and XML

将HTML转换为XML

2 个答案: